Kusweka kwa mphete za pisitoni ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimawononga mphete za pistoni. Nthawi zambiri, mphete za pistoni yoyamba ndi yachiwiri zimakhala zosavuta kusweka, ndipo mbali zosweka zimakhala pafupi ndi kuphatikizikako. Mphete ya pistoni ikhoza kuthyoledwa kukhala zidutswa zingapo, kapena ikhoza kusweka kapena kusowa. Mphete yosweka ya pisitoni idzawonjezera kuvala kwa silinda. Mphete yosweka ya injini ya dizilo yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri itha kuwomberedwa mu chitoliro chopopera kapena mubokosi lotayira, kapenanso kuwomberedwa kumapeto kwa turbocharger kuononga masamba a turbine, kubweretsa ngozi zazikulu. Lero ndikutengerani kuti muwone chifukwa chake mphete ya pisitoni yosweka ~
Zomwe zimayambitsa kusweka kwa mphete za piston:
Pali zifukwa zambiri za mphete yosweka ya pistoni. Kuphatikiza pa zolakwika zakuthupi ndi khalidwe lochepa la processing, makamaka chifukwa cha kusamalidwa bwino ndi kasamalidwe panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito komanso khalidwe la msonkhano.
1. Mpata pakati pa kamwa ndi wochepa kwambiri
Pamene kusiyana kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi kusiyana kwa msonkhano, kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mphete ya pistoni kumawonjezeka panthawi yogwira ntchito, kotero kuti zitsulo zomwe zikuphatikizana sizikhala ndi malo okwanira kuti ziwonjezeke, ndipo malekezero awiri ophatikizana amapindika ndikusweka pafupi ndi phatikizana.
2. mphete poyambira mpweya gawo
Kuyaka kosakwanira, kutenthedwa kwa khoma la silinda kuti liwotche kapena kuwotcha mafuta opaka mafuta kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wochuluka mu silinda. Pamene ma coke deposits ali ovuta, kusuntha kwa mphete kumatsekedwa, ndipo mphete ndi khoma la silinda zimagwira ntchito mwamphamvu, ndipo mafuta ophwanyidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo zimasakanizidwa, ndipo pansi pa mphamvu ya mpweya wotuluka, chosungirako cholimba cha coke chimakhala. anapanga pa m'munsi mapeto a mphete poyambira. Pansi pa mphete ya pisitoni pali ma depositi olimba a kaboni pansi pa pisitoni, ndipo kumtunda kwake kumakhala ndi mphamvu ya gasi nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa mphete ya pistoni kusweka chifukwa cha kutopa.
3. Tebulo la cylinder liner
Kusuntha kwanthawi yayitali kwa gulu la pisitoni ndi cylinder liner kumapangitsa kuti silinda ya silinda iwonongeke ndipo nsanja yopera imawonekera kumtunda kwa silinda. Pamene pisitoni ikukwera pamwamba pamtunda wakufa, mphete yoyamba ya pistoni imagunda patebulo lopera ndipo imakhudzidwa ndikusweka.
4. Kuvala kwambiri kwa mphete ya mphete
Pansi pamunsi pamphepete mwa mpheteyo imapendekera (monga ngati lipenga) pambuyo pa kuvala kwambiri. Pamene pisitoni ili pafupi ndi malo omwe ali pamwamba pa akufa, kupanikizika kwa mpweya kumapangitsa mpheteyo kumamatira kumapeto kwa ring groove, mphete ya pistoni imakhala yopotoka komanso yopunduka, ndipo phokoso la pisitoni limakhala lovala kwambiri komanso lotopa komanso losweka.
5. Mphete ya pistoni imapachika doko la mpweya
Mu injini za dizilo za mikwingwirima iwiri, mphete ya pistoni nthawi zambiri imagwidwa ndikusesa ndipo doko lotulutsa mpweya limapangitsa mpheteyo kusweka. Chifukwa mphete ya pistoni imakhala ndi zovuta kwambiri pamalo otsegulira, kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo nthiti zapakati pa madoko a mpweya pa silinda ya silinda zimapunduka mosavuta chifukwa cha kutentha. Pistoni ikasuntha, mpheteyo imakumana ndi doko la mpweya, ndipo mpheteyo imathyoledwa bola ngati mphete yotseguka igwira pang'ono doko la mpweya.
6. Kukula kwa ma radial ndi kutopa kwapakati kwa mphete ya pisitoni
Pamene mphamvu zotanuka za mphete ya pistoni sizikwanira kapena cylinder liner yavala kwambiri, mphete ya pistoni ndi khoma la silinda sizingagwirizane kwambiri, ndiko kuti, kulimba kwa mpweya sikungathe kusungidwa, kotero kuti mpweya wothamanga kwambiri umalowa mpheteyo. mphete ya ring. Pistoni ikatsika, mphamvu ya gasi mu silinda imachepa, ndipo mphete ya pisitoni imatulutsidwa mumphepo ya mphete. Mphete ya pisitoni imakula mosalekeza ndipo imagwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso, zomwe zimayambitsa kutopa komanso kusweka.
7. Kuvala kwambiri kwa mphete ya pisitoni kumapangitsa mphamvu ya mpheteyo kulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira ndipo mpheteyo imasweka.
Zida zamakono za pistoni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonongeka monga chitsulo chotungira, chitsulo cha alloy cast, chitsulo cha ductile, ndipo mawonekedwe amkati amatha kukhala ndi porosity, ming'alu kapena kupatukana kwa zigawo panthawi yoponyera, zomwe zingayambitse mphamvu zakomweko kutsika kapena kupsinjika maganizo. pa ming'alu, kuchititsa mantha pa ntchito Kuthyoka kapena kutopa fracture.
8. Kuvala kwakukulu kwa cylinder liner
Kuvala kolowera pamwamba ndi pansi pakatikati pakufa kumayambitsa mapewa, kuvala kwakukulu kumapeto kwakukulu kwa ndodo yolumikizira kapena kusintha komwe kuli pakati pakufa koyambirira pambuyo poti malekezero akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono a ndodo yolumikizira akonzedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhudzidwa ndi kusweka. mphete pansi pa mphamvu ya inertial mphamvu .
9. Vuto la mgwirizano pakati pa mafuta opaka mafuta ndi mafuta
Pakuwunika momwe mafutawa alili, mafuta ena amakhala ndi sulfure yambiri, monga mafuta a Reye's 1000s. Chifukwa chake, mafuta akayaka, SO2 ndi SO3 zambiri zimapangidwa. Komabe, SO2 ndi SO3 ndi mpweya pa kutentha kwambiri, ndipo kugwirizana kwawo mwachindunji ndi zitsulo kungayambitse gasi dzimbiri. Zimalimbikitsanso kuuma kwa ma depositi a kaboni ndi ma colloidal deposits, zomwe zimawonjezera kuvala kwa ma cylinder liners ndi mphete za pistoni. Malingana ndi zofunikira, pamene injini za dizilo zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a sulfure kwambiri, mafuta odzola apadera amphamvu kapena amchere ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati injini yaikulu sigwiritsa ntchito mafuta a silinda omwe amafanana ndi mafuta kapena kusintha mafuta a silinda ndi mafuta a injini. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuthekera kwa mafuta opaka mafuta kuti achepetse asidi opangidwa ndi kuyaka kumachepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asidi awononge pisitoni ndi mphete ya pistoni mozama kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pisitoni iphwanyike pafupipafupi.
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Njira yothandizira mwadzidzidzi mphete ya pisitoni yosweka:
Kuthyoka kwa mphete ya pisitoni kumachitika makamaka mu mphete ya pisitoni, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, makamaka pamene pamwamba pa silinda yavala. Ngati mpheteyo imasweka panthawi yogwira ntchito, kupasuka kwa mphete kumakanda mkati mwa silinda ndikumveka phokoso; kapena gawo lapansi la silinda lidzatenthedwa chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa gasi, komwe kumatsikira mu crankcase ndikupanga nkhungu yambiri yamafuta. Kumbali inayi, mphete ya pisitoni ikathyoka, kupanikizika kumachepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyaka kosauka komanso utsi wakuda mu gasi wotulutsa.
