Ma crankshafts a injini ya V8 amagawidwa pafupifupi mitundu iwiri, imodzi ndi crankshaft ndipo inayo ndi yathyathyathya. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti ngodya pakati pa crankshafts ziwiri zilizonse ndi madigiri 90 m'malo mwa madigiri 180. Injini ya crankshaft V8 ya ndege ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso kuzizira pang'ono, komwe kumathandizira kusintha kwakukulu ndi kuyankha kwa injini, ndi kugwedezeka kwakukulu ...

Pali malingaliro awiri a injini kugwedezeka kwamakina: kugwedezeka koyamba ndi kugwedezeka kwachiwiri

Mwachitsanzo makina atatu yamphamvu

Nthawi iliyonse pamene crankshaft imazungulira, kuchuluka kwa pistoni kumasiyana nthawi zonse, mayendedwe a pistoni a cylinder 1 ndi cylinder 3 nthawi zonse amakhala otsutsana, zomwe zimapangitsa injiniyo kuti isamangogwedezeka mmwamba ndi pansi, komanso. oscillates mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Ngati mukufuna kuigwiritsa ntchito pagalimoto yopangidwa mochuluka, muyenera kuyiyika ndi shaft yokwanira, apo ayi mutha kuyigwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa chidole chamagetsi. Mwambiwu umati: ma silinda atatu adadabwitsa dziko lapansi.

Koma wamba anayi yamphamvu makina

Zikuwoneka kuti masilinda awiri amasunthira mmwamba pomwe masilinda awiri akuyenda pansi. Kodi iyi ndi injini yabwino kwambiri?

Kutenga theka la injini ya ma silinda anayi kuti muwunike padera, sizovuta kupeza kuti chifukwa cha kasinthidwe ka geometric ya ndodo yolumikizira, kuthamanga kwa pistoni nthawi zonse kumakhala mofulumira kuposa kuthamanga kwa pistoni yotsika, kuchititsa injini kunjenjemera mmwamba ndi pansi madigiri 180 aliwonse a crankshaft. .

Njira yothetsera? Shaft yoyendera yomwe imazungulira kawiri mwachangu kuposa crankshaft. Titha kunena kuti Mitsubishi itatha kugwiritsa ntchito shaft yapawiri pa injini yopangidwa ndi magawo 4 muzaka za m'ma 1970, injini yamtunduwu inali ndi tsogolo.

Komabe, crankshaft ya injini ya ma silinda anayi oyambirira inalibe ngakhale kulemera kwake. Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zamakina panthawiyo, liwiro la injini linali lotsika kuposa la injini ya dizilo.

Kotero mu 1910s, opanga Cadillac ndi Ford ankafuna kuthetsa vuto la kugwedezeka pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya ya 90-degree ndi counterweight. (Koma mwachidziwitso, olamulira a ndege safuna mapangidwe awa)

Vavu yakumbali V8 ndi crankshaft yosavuta panthawiyo

Ubwino wa 90 ° wophatikizidwa ndi injini ya ngodya ndikuti kulemera kwake pa crankshaft kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsitsa torque ya vibration yopangidwa ndi kusuntha kwa pistoni pamzere wina wa masilinda. Mfundo imeneyi imagwira ntchito pa injini ya 90-degree V yokhala ndi ma silinda angapo.

Mwachitsanzo, silinda yapamwamba ikakwera m'mwamba, yopingasa imatsika pansi. Pamene ikuzungulira mozungulira, kuthamanga kwa counterweight kumapita kumunsi kumanja pambuyo pa kutembenuka kwa 6 koloko, koma pisitoni yosuntha kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere imatsutsana ndi mphindi ino.

Koma m'zaka za m'ma 1920, liwiro la injini linakula, ndipo vuto la kugwedezeka kwachiwiri linakula kwambiri, kotero kuti injini zambiri za V8 zomwe zinapangidwa ndi V8 zinayamba kukhala ndi crankshaft.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa crankshaft (pamwamba) ndi crankshaft ya ndege (pansi) ndikuti ngodya yapakati pa ma crankshaft awiri aliwonse ndi madigiri 90 m'malo mwa madigiri 180. Crankshaft V8 ya ndege idzakhala ndi vuto lachiwiri lakugwedezeka monga injini yowongoka ya 4, ndipo nthawi ya madigiri 90 pakati pa mizere iwiri ya masilinda idzachititsanso kugwedezeka kwa madigiri 180 kukhala pamwamba. Cross crankshaft ndi chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa magulu awiri a crankshafts olekanitsidwa ndi madigiri 180 ndi madigiri 90 m'malo mwa madigiri 180. Mafupipafupi a kugwedezeka kwachiwiri ndi theka la crankshaft ya ndege, ndipo matalikidwe ake amachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Kumbukirani ubwino wa injini ya 90-degree? Vutoli limathetsedwa mutawonjezerapo counterweight

Koma apa pakubwera vuto. Popeza mzere uliwonse wa masilindala uli ndi ma pistoni awiri omwe amafika pamtunda wakufa pamtunda wa digirii 90, ziribe kanthu momwe njira yoyatsira imakonzedwera, mzere uliwonse wa silinda umakhala ndi zoyatsira ziwiri pazigawo za 90-degree, zomwe zimabweretsa kusokoneza kwakukulu (ndiko kuti, General V8 Injini ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa phokoso lotulutsa kuchokera kumakina aulimi).

Choncho, pofuna kuonjezera scavenging mphamvu pa liwiro otsika, ambiri Civil V8 kupanga ndi H-mtundu kapena X-mtundu bwino chitoliro pakati pa utsi, ndi ntchito kusiyana kuthamanga pakati pa utsi awiri kuchepetsa chikoka. kusokoneza utsi.

Ma V8 ena omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe opindika. Mwachitsanzo, chitoliro utsi wa Ford GT zikugwirizana yamphamvu moyandikana poyatsira ndi zobweza zobweleza mbali inayo. Chowonjezeranso (chopenga cha BMW) sichizengereza kutulutsa utsi. Kuyeza mkati mwa V kuti mugwiritse ntchito zovuta zambiri zotulutsa mpweya

Chifukwa chake mtanda wa crankshaft si chinthu chabwino kwa injini zogwira ntchito kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti kugwedezeka kumakhala kochepa, kulemera kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti injini ya mkati mwa injini ikhale yaikulu kwambiri, yomwe siikugwirizana ndi kuyankha kwa injini tcheru ndi kuzindikira kwa liwiro lalikulu, osatchula kuchepetsa kulemera. Kuphatikiza apo, kusokoneza kwa utsi ndi gawo lalikulu la injini zogwira ntchito. Kotero injini ya V8 yothamanga kwambiri ku Ulaya imalimbikirabe kugwiritsa ntchito crankshaft yathyathyathya.

Crankshaft V8 ya ndege imawotcherera ma 4 molunjika pamodzi. Popeza ma pistoni amathamangira mmwamba ndi pansi nthawi zonse amakhala awiriawiri, sipadzakhala vuto loyamba la kugwedezeka, koma kugwedezeka kwapawiri kwachiwiri kumafunikira shaft yolemera kwambiri. Kuthana nazo. Kuwonjezeredwa kwa shaft yokwanira kumawonjezera kuchuluka ndi mphindi ya inertia, motero ma injini ochita masewerawa amagwiritsa ntchito ma pistoni afupikitsa ndi zida zolimba kuti athetse zizindikiro osati zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepetsa kugwedezeka uku.

Kuwombera kwa ndege ya crankshaft V8 ndikosavuta, ndipo palibe vuto kuti mtanda wa crankshaft V8 ndi ma silinda otulutsa amawotchedwa motsatizana. Masilinda omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse amakhala kumanzere-kumanja-kumanzere-kumanja-kumanzere-kumanja-kumanzere-kumanja..., m'malo mwa kumanzere-kumanja-kumanzere-kumanzere-kumanja-kumanzere-kumanja-kumanja monga olamulira mtanda, kotero pali palibe mzere Pazovuta zosokoneza mpweya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ofananirako akutali kuti muwonjezere mphamvu pakusintha kwakukulu.

Cross shaft

Ubwino: otsika kugwedera ndi ntchito yosalala

Zoipa: kulemera kwakukulu, inertia yaikulu, kusokoneza utsi

Mzere wa ndege

Ubwino: kapangidwe kosavuta, inertia yotsika, yabwino kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kuyankha kwa injini

Zoipa: kugwedezeka kwakukulu