Ukukhathala ukuphuka kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuphuka kwezingxenye zensimbi. Kusukela kwashicilelwa umsebenzi wokukhathala wakudala kaWöhler, izici zokukhathala zezinto ezihlukene lapho zihlolwa ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene kanye nezimo zemvelo ziye zafundwa ngokugcwele. Nakuba izinkinga zokukhathala ziye zaqashelwa onjiniyela abaningi nabaklami, futhi inani elikhulu ledatha yokuhlola liye laqoqwa, kusenemishini eminingi nemishini ehlushwa ukuphuka kokukhathala.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhluleka kokukhathala kokuphuka kwezingxenye zemishini:
*Ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithwalo eshintshanayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe: ukungezwani nokucindezelwa ukukhathala, ukukhathala okugobayo, ukukhathala okuguquguqukayo, ukukhathala kokuxhumana, ukukhathala kokudlidliza, njll.;
*Ngokusho kosayizi wengqikithi yemijikelezo yokuphuka kokukhathala (Nf), ingahlukaniswa ibe: ukukhathala komjikelezo omkhulu (Nf＞10⁵) nokukhathala komjikelezo ophansi (Nf＜10⁴);
*Ngokwezinga lokushisa nezimo ezimaphakathi zezingxenye zesevisi, zingahlukaniswa zibe: ukukhathala kwemishini (izinga lokushisa elivamile, ukukhathala emoyeni), ukukhathala kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukukhathala okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa, ukukhathala okubandayo nokushisa nokukhathala kokugqwala.
Kodwa kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela eziyisisekelo, okungukuthi, ukukhathala kwe-shear okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kwe-shear kanye nokukhathala okuvamile kokuphuka okubangelwa ukucindezeleka okuvamile. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuphuka kokukhathala ziyinhlanganisela yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene.
Ukuphuka kwezingxenye eziningi ze-shaft kuvame ukugoba okujikelezayo kokuphuka. Ngesikhathi sokuphuka kokukhathala okugobayo okujikelezayo, indawo yomthombo wokukhathala ngokuvamile ivela phezulu, kodwa ayikho indawo egxilile, futhi inombolo yemithombo yokukhathala ingaba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ukuma okuhlobene kwendawo yomthombo wokukhathala kanye nendawo yokugcina yokuphuka ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlehliswa nge-engeli ehlobene nendawo yokuzungezisa shaft. Kusukela kulokhu, ukujikeleza kwe-shaft kungathathwa endaweni ehlobene yesifunda somthombo wokukhathala kanye nesifunda sokugcina sokuphuka.
Uma kunokugxila okukhulu kwengcindezi ebusweni be-shaft, izindawo eziningi zomthombo wokukhathala zingavela. Kuleli qophelo indawo yokugcina yokuphuka izothuthela ngaphakathi kwe-shaft.
