Ii-crankshafts ze-injini ye-V8 zohlulwe ngokweendidi ezimbini, enye yi-crankshaft enqamlezayo kwaye enye yi-crankshaft ecaba. Owona mahluko mkhulu kukuba i-engile phakathi kwe-crankshafts nganye ezimbini i-90 degrees endaweni ye-180 degrees. I-injini ye-crankshaft ye-V8 yenqwelomoya inesakhiwo esilula kunye ne-inertia encinci, ekhuthaza ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kunye nokuphendula kwe-injini, kunye nokungcangcazela okukhulu ...

Kukho iikhonsepthi ezimbini ze-injini ye-vibration yomatshini: i-vibration yokuqala kunye ne-second-order vibration

Umzekelo umatshini we-cylinder ezintathu

Ngawo nawuphi na umzuzu xa i-crankshaft ijikeleza, inani lepistons alisoloko lihluka kwaye lihlala lihluka, indlela yokuhamba yepistons ye-cylinder 1 kunye ne-cylinder 3 zihlala zichasene, zibangela ukuba injini ingangcangcazeli phezulu naphantsi kuphela. oscillates emva naphambili. Ukuba ufuna ukuyisebenzisa kwimoto eveliswe ngobuninzi, kufuneka uyixhobise nge-balance shaft, kungenjalo ungayisebenzisa ukuqhuba ithoyizi yombane. Njengoko ilizwi lihamba: i-cylinder emithathu yothusa umhlaba.

Kodwa umatshini oqhelekileyo we-cylinder ezine

Kubonakala ngathi iisilinda ezimbini ziyanyuka ngelixa iisilinda ezimbini zisehla. Ngaba le injini egqibeleleyo?

Ukuthatha isiqingatha se-injini ye-cylinder emine ukuyihlalutya ngokwahlukeneyo, akukho nzima ukufumanisa ukuba ngenxa yokwakheka kwejometri yentonga yokudibanisa i-crank, isantya sepiston ukuya phezulu sihlala sikhawuleza kunesantya sepiston ezantsi, ebangela ukuba i-injini yokungcangcazela phezulu naphantsi rhoqo nge-180 degrees of crankshaft. .

Isisombululo? I-balance shaft ejikeleza kabini ngokukhawuleza njenge-crankshaft. Kunokuthiwa emva kokuba iMitsubishi iqale ukusebenzisa i-double balance shaft kwi-injini ye-4-segment eveliswe ngobuninzi ngo-1970s, olu hlobo lwe-injini ngokwenene lwalunekamva.

Nangona kunjalo, i-crankshaft ye-injini yokuqala ye-4-cylinder yayingenabo ubunzima. Ukongeza kwiingxaki zenkqubo yomatshini ngelo xesha, isantya se-injini sasisezantsi kuneso senjini yedizili yangoku.

Ke ngoo-1910, abaqulunqi beCadillac kunye neFord babefuna ukusombulula ingxaki yokungcangcazela nge-angle ye-90-degree kunye ne-counterweight. (Kodwa kwithiyori, i-axis yendiza ayifuni olu yilo)

Ivalve yecala i-V8 kunye ne-crankshaft elula ecaba ngelo xesha

I-advanteji ye-90 ° ifakiwe injini ye-angle kukuba ubunzima bebhalansi kwi-crankshaft ingasetyenziselwa ukucima i-torque ye-vibration eyenziwa yintshukumo yepiston komnye umqolo weesilinda. Lo mgaqo usebenza kwi-injini yohlobo lwe-90-degree V kunye nezibini ezininzi zeesilinda.

Umzekelo, xa umbhobho ongasentla uhambela phezulu, i-counterweight iya ezantsi. Ngelixa ujikeleza nge-counterclockwise, isantya se-counterweight sikhomba ukuya ngasezantsi ekunene emva kokujika ngentsimbi yesi-6, kodwa ipiston ehamba ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo iphikisana nalo mzuzu.

Kodwa ngo-1920, isantya se-injini sanda, kwaye ingxaki ye-vibration yesibini yacaca ngakumbi, ngoko uninzi lwee-injini ze-V8 eziveliswe ngobuninzi zaqala ukuxhotyiswa nge-crankshaft.

Owona mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwe-crankshaft enqamlezileyo (phezulu) kunye ne-crankshaft yenqwelomoya (ezantsi) kukuba i-engile phakathi kwe-crankshaft nganye emibini yi-90 degrees endaweni ye-180 degrees. I-crankshaft ye-V8 yendiza iya kuba nengxaki yokungcangcazela kwesibini njenge-injini ye-4 ethe ngqo, kwaye ikhefu le-90-degree phakathi kwemiqolo emibini yeesilinda kuya kubangela ukuba i-180-degree vibration ibekwe phezulu. I-crankshaft yomnqamlezo kungenxa yokuba umahluko phakathi kweeseti ezimbini ze-crankshafts ezahlulwe ngama-180 degrees yi-90 degrees endaweni ye-180 degrees. Ukuphindaphinda kwe-vibration yesibini sisiqingatha kuphela se-crankshaft yendiza, kwaye i-amplitude iyancipha kakhulu.

Khumbula iingenelo ze-injini ye-90-degree? Ingxaki isonjululwe emva kokongeza i-counterweight

Kodwa nantsi ingxaki isiza. Ekubeni umqolo ngamnye weesilinda unama-pistons amabini afikelela kwiziko eliphezulu lokufa kwi-90-degree intervals, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulandelelwano lokutshisa luhlelwe njani, umqolo ngamnye weesilinda uya kuba ne-ignitions ezimbini kwi-90-degree intervals, okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokukhupha (oko kukuthi, iiNjini ze-V8 ngokubanzi ziyafana nonobangela wengxolo yokuphuma koomatshini bezolimo).

Ngoko ke, ukuze kwandiswe umthamo wokuthungula ngesantya esiphantsi, i-V8 jikelele iya kuyila uhlobo lwe-H okanye i-X-uhlobo lombhobho wokulinganisa phakathi kombhobho wokukhupha, kwaye usebenzise umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwe-exhausts ezimbini ukunciphisa impembelelo ukuphazamisa ukuphazamiseka.

Ezinye ii-V8 ezigxile ekusebenzeni zisebenzisa uyilo oluphithene ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, umbhobho wokukhupha we-Ford GT udibanisa i-cylinder yokutshisa esecaleni kunye ne-exhaust manifold kwelinye icala. Okungakumbi (i-BMW ephithizelayo) ayilibazisi ukuyigqiba i-exhaust. Ilinganiswe ukuya ngaphakathi kwi-V ukuze kusetyenziswe iindlela zokukhupha ezintsonkothileyo

Ke i-crankshaft yomnqamlezo ayiyonto ilungileyo kwiinjini ezisebenza kakhulu. Nangona i-vibration incinci, i-counterweight enzima ibangela ukuba inertia yangaphakathi ye-injini ibe nkulu kakhulu, engabandakanyi impendulo ye-injini enovakalelo kunye nokuqonda kwesantya esiphezulu, singasathethi ukucutha ubunzima. Ukongeza, ukuphazamiseka kokuphuma kukwayinto enkulu yeenjini zokusebenza. Ngoko i-injini yeV8 esebenza kakhulu yaseYurophu isanyanzelisa ukusebenzisa i-crankshaft ecaba.

I-crankshaft ye-V8 yenqwelomoya idibanisa ii-4 ezimbini ezithe ngqo kunye. Kuba iipistons ezibaleka zisiya phezulu nasezantsi zihlala zimbini, akusayi kubakho ngxaki iphambili yokungcangcazela, kodwa ukungcangcazela okuphindiweyo kwesibini kufuneka kufune i-balance shaft enzima. Ukudibana ne. Ukongezwa kwe-balance shaft kwandisa ubunzima kunye nomzuzu we-inertia, ngoko ke ezi njini zokusebenza zisebenzisa ipistons ezimfutshane kunye nezakhiwo ezomeleleyo ukunyanga iimpawu kwaye kungekhona unobangela wokunciphisa ezi ntshukumo.

Ukulandelelana kokudubula kwe-crankshaft V8 yendiza ilula kakhulu, kwaye akukho ngxaki yokuba i-cross crankshaft V8 kunye ne-exhaust cylinders zivutha ngokulandelelana. Iisilinda ezenza umsebenzi zihlala zikhohlo-ekunene-ekhohlo-ekunene-ekhohlo-ekunene-ekhohlo-ekunene..., endaweni yasekhohlo-ekunene-ekhohlo-ekhohlo-ekunene-ekhohlo-ekunene-ekunene njenge-axis yomnqamlezo, ngoko kukho Akukho mqolo Kwiingxaki zophazamiseko lomoya, ungasebenzisa eziqhelekileyo ezilinganayo ubude bokukhupha iimanifolds ukwandisa amandla kujikelezo oluphezulu.

Ishafu yokunqumla

Izinto eziluncedo: ukungcangcazela okuphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle

Ukungalungi: ubunzima obunzima, inertia enkulu, ukuphazamiseka kokukhupha

Umgca wendiza

Izinto eziluncedo: isakhiwo esilula, inertia ephantsi, ilungile kwisantya esiphezulu kunye nempendulo ye-injini

Iingxaki: ukungcangcazela okukhulu