Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela ukunxitywa kweringi yepiston, kwaye ezi zinto zihlala zithungelana. Ukongeza, uhlobo lwe-injini kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa zihlukile, kwaye ukunxiba kweringi yepiston kukwahluke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ingxaki ayikwazi ukusonjululwa ngokuphucula isakhiwo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zeringi yepiston ngokwayo. Le miba ilandelayo inokuqaliswa:

1. Khetha izinto ezihambelana nokusebenza kakuhle

Ngokubhekiselele ekunciphiseni ukunxiba, njengesixhobo samakhonkco episton, kufuneka kuqala ibe nokuchasa kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kweoli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka ukuba umsesane wokuqala wegesi unxibe ngaphezu kwamanye amakhonkco. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ngokukhethekileyo ukusebenzisa izinto ezifanelekileyo ekugcineni ifilimu yeoli ngaphandle kokulimala. Esinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni intsimbi ephonsiweyo kunye nesakhiwo segraphite ixabiswa kukuba inokugcinwa kakuhle kweoli kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
Ukuze kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukuxhatshazwa kwentsimbi yepiston, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neziqulatho zezinto ze-alloy zingongezwa kwintsimbi yentsimbi. Umzekelo, i-chromium molybdenum copper alloy cast iron ring edla ngokusetyenziswa kwii-injini ngoku ineengenelo ezicacileyo malunga nokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokugcinwa kweoyile.
Ngamafutshane, izinto ezisetyenziselwa umsesane wepiston zilungele ukwenza ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo olungagungqiyo lwe-matrix ethambileyo kunye nesigaba esinzima, ukuze umsesane wepiston ube lula ukuwunxiba ngexesha lokuqala lokubaleka, kwaye kunzima ukunxiba emva kokubaleka- kwi.
Ukongeza, izinto ze-cylinder ezihambelana nomsesane wepiston nazo zinempembelelo enkulu ekunxityweni kweringi yepiston. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunxiba kuncinci xa umahluko wobunzima bezinto zokugaya ziro. Njengoko umehluko wobunzima ukhula, ukunxiba kuyanda. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukhetha izixhobo, kungcono ukwenza iringi yepiston ifikelele kumda wokunxiba kwangaphambili kunesilinda kwisiseko sokuba la macandelo mabini anobomi obude. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukubuyisela umsesane wepiston kunoqoqosho ngakumbi kwaye kulula kunokutshintsha i-cylinder liner.
Ukunxitywa kwe-abrasive, ngaphezu kokuqwalasela ubunzima, umphumo we-elastic we-piston material ring kufuneka uphinde uqwalaselwe. Izinto eziphathekayo ezinobunzima obuqinileyo zinzima ukugqoka kwaye zinokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu.

2. Ukuphuculwa kobume besakhiwo

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, uphuculo oluninzi lwenziwa kwisakhiwo seringi yepiston ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye umphumo wokutshintsha iringi yokuqala yerhasi kumsesane womphezulu yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-barrel face ring inoluhlu lweenzuzo, ngokubhekiselele ekunxityweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-barrel face ring inyuka okanye ihla, i-oyile yokuthambisa inokuphakamisa i-ring ngesenzo se-oyile wedge ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okulungileyo. Ukongeza, i-barrel surface ring inokuphepha nomthwalo osemaphethelweni. Okwangoku, iiringi zobuso be-barrel ziqhele ukusetyenziswa njengeringi yokuqala kwiinjini zedizili eziphuculweyo, kunye neringi zobuso bebhere zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezinye iindidi zeenjini zedizili.
Ngokubhekiselele kwindandatho yeoli, i-inner brace coil spring cast iron oil ring, ngoku esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ineenzuzo ezinkulu. Le ntsimbi yeoli ngokwayo iguquguquka kakhulu kwaye inokulungelelaniswa okugqwesileyo kwi-cylinder liner ekhubazekileyo, ukwenzela ukuba ikwazi ukugcina kakuhle I-lubrication inciphisa ukunxiba.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukunxitywa kweringi ye-piston, i-cross-sectional structure yeqela le-piston kufuneka ihambelane ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kugcinwe uphawu oluhle kunye nefilimu yeoli yokuthambisa.
Ukongeza, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukunxitywa kweringi yepiston, ukwakheka kwe-cylinder liner kunye nepiston kufuneka kuyilwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-cylinder liner ye-injini ye-Steyr WD615 ithatha isakhiwo somnatha weqonga. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuqhuba, indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-cylinder liner kunye ne-piston ring iyancitshiswa. , Inokugcina i-lubrication ye-liquid, kwaye inani lokugqoka lincinci kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, i-mesh isebenza njengetanki yokugcina ioyile kwaye iphucula amandla e-cylinder liner ukugcina ioyile yokuthambisa. Ngoko ke, kunenzuzo kakhulu ukunciphisa ukunxitywa kweringi yepiston kunye ne-cylinder liner. Ngoku i-injini ngokubanzi ithatha olu hlobo lwemilo ye-cylinder liner. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukunxitywa kobuso besiphelo esiphezulu nesisezantsi somsesane wepiston, isiphelo sobuso beringi yepiston kunye ne-groove yeringi kufuneka igcine ukucoceka okufanelekileyo ukuphepha umthwalo wempembelelo egqithisileyo. Ukongeza, ukubethelwa kwentsimbi enganyangekiyo kwe-austenitic kwi-groove ephezulu yepiston kunokunciphisa ukunxiba kubuso obuphezulu kunye nobuso obusezantsi, kodwa le ndlela ayifuni kunyuswa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kweemeko ezizodwa. Ngenxa yokuba ubugcisa bayo bunzima kakhulu ukubuqonda, iindleko nazo ziphezulu.

3. Unyango lomphezulu

Indlela enokunciphisa kakhulu ukunxitywa kweringi yepiston kukwenza unyango olungaphezulu. Zininzi iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswayo ngoku. Ngokubhekiselele kwimisebenzi yazo, inokushwankathelwa ngokwezi ndidi zintathu zilandelayo:
Ukuphucula ukuqina komphezulu wokunciphisa ukunxiba kwe-abrasive. Oko kukuthi, umaleko wesinyithi onzima kakhulu wenziwa kumphezulu wokusebenza wendandatho, ukwenzela ukuba i-abrasive yentsimbi ethambileyo ingabi lula ukuba ifakwe kumphezulu, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa komsesane kuphuculwe. Iplating yechromium evulekileyo ngoku yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-chrome-plated layer enobunzima obuphezulu (HV800～1000), i-coefficient ye-friction incinci kakhulu, kwaye i-chrome-hole layer inesakhiwo esilungileyo sokugcina ioyile, ngoko inokuphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa kweringi yepiston. . Ukongeza, ukufakwa kwechromium kuneendleko eziphantsi, uzinzo oluhle, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezininzi. Ke ngoko, iringi yokuqala yeenjini zemoto zanamhlanje zonke zisebenzisa amakhonkco e-chrome-plated, kwaye phantse i-100% yamakhonkco eoyile zisebenzisa amakhonkco ane-chrome. Ukuziqhelanisa kuye kwabonisa ukuba emva kokuba i-piston ring i-chrome-plated, kungekhona nje ukunxiba kwayo kuncinci, kodwa ukunxitywa kwamanye amakhonkco episton kunye ne-cylinder liners engeyiyo i-chrome-plated nayo incinci.
Kwiinjini ezinesantya esiphezulu okanye ezongeziweyo, umsesane wepiston akufuneki ube yi-chromium-plated kuphela kumphezulu ongaphandle, kodwa nakwindawo ezingaphezulu nezisezantsi zokunciphisa ukunxiba komphezulu. Kungcono kuzo zonke iindawo ezingaphandle ze-chrome-plated kuwo onke amaqela e-ring ukunciphisa ukunxiba kweqela leringi yepiston.
Ukuphucula amandla okugcina ioyile kunye nobuchule bokuchasana nokunyibilika kwendawo yokusebenza yeringi yepiston ukunqanda ukunyibilika nokunxiba. Ifilimu yeoli yokuthambisa kwindawo yokusebenza kwindandatho yepiston itshatyalaliswa kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-friction eyomileyo yenziwa. Ukuba umaleko wokugquma komhlaba kunye neoli yokugcina kunye ne-anti-fusion isetyenziswe kumphezulu we-piston ring, inokunciphisa ukugqoka i-fusion kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwendandatho. Tsala umthamo we-cylinder. Ukutshiza kwe-molybdenum kwiringi yepiston kunokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu nokunxitywa kwe-fusion. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokuba molybdenum isitshizi umaleko yi porous ugcino oyile isakhiwo ukutyabeka; kwelinye icala, indawo yokunyibilika ye-molybdenum iphezulu kakhulu (2630 ° C), kwaye isengasebenza ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kokhuhlane olomileyo. Kule meko, i-molybdenum-sprayed ring inokumelana okuphezulu kwi-welding kune-ring chrome-plated ring. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kwentsimbi ye-molybdenum yokutshiza kubi ngakumbi kunomsesane we-chrome-plated. Ukongezelela, ixabiso le-molybdenum spray ring liphezulu kwaye amandla okwakhiwa kunzima ukuzinzisa. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kokuba ukutshiza kwe-molybdenum kuyimfuneko, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-chrome plating.
Ukuphucula unyango lomphezulu wokuqhuba kokuqala. Olu hlobo lonyango lomphezulu kukugubungela umphezulu weringi yepiston kunye nomaleko wezinto ezifanelekileyo ezithambileyo kunye ne-elastic ezithambileyo, ukuze iringi kunye nenxalenye ephumayo yoqhagamshelwano lwe-cylinder liner kunye nokukhawulezisa ukunxiba, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ixesha lokubaleka. kunye nokwenza umsesane ungene kwisimo sokusebenza esizinzileyo. . Unyango lwe-Phosphating okwangoku lusetyenziswa kakhulu. Ifilimu ye-phosphating enokuthungwa okuthambileyo kwaye kulula ukuyinxiba yenziwa phezu komsesane wepiston. Ngenxa yokuba unyango lwe-phosphating lufuna izixhobo ezilula, ukusebenza kakuhle, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ngokuqhelekileyo lisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yeringi yepiston yeenjini ezincinci. Ukongeza, i-tin plating kunye nonyango lwe-oxidation lunokuphucula ukusebenza kokuqala.
Kunyango olungaphezulu lwamakhonkco episton, i-chromium plating kunye ne-molybdenum yokutshiza zezona ndlela zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-injini, ulwakhiwo, ukusetyenziswa kunye neemeko zokusebenza, ezinye iindlela zonyango lwangaphezulu ziyasetyenziswa, njengonyango lwe-nitriding ethambileyo, unyango lwe-vulcanization, kunye nokuzaliswa kwe-ferroferric oxide.