Izizathu eziphambili zepiston bias zezi zilandelayo:

(1) Xa umbhobho ubhorekile, indawo ekubekwe kuyo ayichanekanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba impazamo ye-non-perpendicularity yomgca oseziko lombhobho kunye nomgca weziko lejenali eyintloko yecrankshaft igqithe kumda.

(2) Ukungahambelani kwemigca yeziko leembobo ezinkulu kunye ezincinci zentloko ezibangelwa ukugoba intonga yokudibanisa; i-non-parallelism yemigca emibini yeziko lejenali ye-rod rod kunye nejenali eyintloko idlula umda.

(3) Ibhloko ye-cylinder okanye i-cylinder liner ikhubazekile, ibangela ukuba impazamo ethe nkqo yomgca osembindini we-cylinder ukuya kumgca ongundoqo weziko le-crankshaft ukudlula umda.

(4) I-crankshaft ivelisa ukugoba kunye ne-torsion deformation, kwaye ukugcinwa akwenziwanga ngokweenkcukacha zobugcisa, ukwenzela ukuba umgca ophakathi wejenali yokudibanisa intonga kunye ne-centerline yejenali eyintloko ayikho kwindiza enye; ukucutshungulwa komkhono wobhedu wokudibanisa intonga ayihambelani neemfuno zobugcisa, kwaye ukuphambuka akuzange kulungiswe.

(5) Umngxuma wepiston awulungiswanga ngokuchanekileyo; umgca ophakathi wepiston yepiston ayikho perpendicular kumgca ophakathi wepiston, njl.