1. Ka ikaika
ʻO nā ikaika e hana ana ma ke apo piston e pili ana i ke kaomi kinoea, ka ikaika elastic o ke apo ponoʻī, ka ikaika inertial o ka neʻe ʻana o ke apo, ka ikaika friction ma waena o ke apo a me ka cylinder a me ke apo apo, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi. Ma muli o kēia mau ikaika, e hana ke apo i nā neʻe kumu e like me ka neʻe axial, ka neʻe radial, a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka rotational. Eia kekahi, ma muli o kāna mau ʻano neʻe, me ka neʻe ʻole ʻana, ʻike ʻia ke apo piston e lana ana a me ka vibration axial, radial irregular neʻe a me ka vibration, twisting neʻe i kumu ʻia e ka axial irregular neʻe. Ke pale pinepine nei kēia mau neʻe ʻana i ke apo piston mai ka hana ʻana. I ka hoʻolālāʻana i ke apo piston, pono e hāʻawi i ka pāʻani piha i ka neʻe maikaʻi a hoʻomalu i kaʻaoʻao maikaʻiʻole.

2. ʻO ke kau wela wela
Hoʻouna ʻia ka wela kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia e ka puhi ʻana i ka paia cylinder ma o ke apo piston, no laila hiki iā ia ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka piston. ʻO ka wela i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka paia cylinder ma o ke apo piston hiki ke piʻi maʻamau i 30-40% o ka wela i lawe ʻia e ka piko o ka piston.

3. Paʻa ea
ʻO ka hana mua o ke apo piston ka mālama ʻana i ka sila ma waena o ka piston a me ka paia cylinder, a e kāohi i ka leakage ea i ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia kuleana ke kuleana nui e ke apo kinoea, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka leakage o ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ke kinoea o ka ʻenekini e hoʻomalu ʻia i ka liʻiliʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi wela; e pale aku i ka pahu a me ka piston a i ʻole ka cylinder a me ke apo mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ea. no ka pale ʻana i nā hana ʻino ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka aila lubricating.

4. Mana aila
ʻO ka hana ʻelua o ke apo piston e ʻoki pono i ka ʻaila lubricating i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paia cylinder a mālama i ka ʻai aila maʻamau. Ke nui loa ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka aila lubricating, e omo ia i loko o ke keʻena puhi ahi, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie, a ʻo ka waiho kalapona i hana ʻia e ka puhi ʻana he hopena maikaʻi loa ia i ka hana ʻana o ka mīkini.

5. Kākoʻo
No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka piston ma mua o ke anawaena o loko o ka cylinder, inā ʻaʻohe apo piston, ʻaʻole paʻa ka piston i loko o ka cylinder a ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe manuahi. I ka manawa like, pono ke apo e pale i ka piston mai ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i ka cylinder, a pāʻani i kahi kuleana kākoʻo. No laila, neʻe ke apo piston i luna a i lalo i loko o ka cylinder, a ʻo kona ʻili hoʻoheheʻe ʻia piha e ke apo.