Injin Rotary』
2021-08-27
Injin da muke gani sau da yawa a cikin nau'i na motsi na piston, wato piston yana yin motsi na linzamin kwamfuta a cikin silinda, kuma motsin linzamin na piston yana jujjuya shi ta hanyar crankshaft, yayin da rotary. injin ba shi da wannan tsarin jujjuyawar, ta fistan ne Jujjuyawar da ke cikin silinda ke tafiyar da babban shaft ɗin injin ɗin (wato, crankshaft). na injin na yau da kullun, saboda ba mai lankwasa ba, ba a sake kiransa da crankshaft), don haka akwai babban bambanci tsakanin su biyun.
A. Ciwon bugun jini: Tsarin motsi na piston daga saman matattu cibiyar zuwa ƙasa mataccen cibiyar ana kiransa bugun jini (kwanakin juyawa na crankshaft 0 ~ 180°). A cikin wannan bugun jini, bawul ɗin shayarwa yana buɗewa, bawul ɗin da ke rufewa, kuma ɗakin iska yana sadarwa tare da yanayi. Matsin yanayi yana sa cakuda mai da gas ya shiga, kuma matsa lamba a cikin silinda shine kusan 0.075 ~ 0.09MPa a ƙarshen cin abinci.
B.Compression bugun jini: Tsarin motsi na piston daga ƙasa matattu cibiyar zuwa saman matattu cibiyar ake kira matsawa bugun jini (crankshaft juyi kwana ne 180 ° ~ 360 °). A cikin wannan bugun jini, ana rufe bawul ɗin shaye-shaye da shaye-shaye, kuma matsa lamba mai da iskar gas a cikin ɗakin iska yana ƙaruwa sannu a hankali. Matsalolin da ke cikin ɗakin iska a ƙarshen bugun jini yana kusan 0.6 zuwa 1.2 MPa.
C.Power bugun jini: Tsarin motsi na piston daga saman matattu cibiyar zuwa ƙasa matattu cibiyar ana kiransa bugun jini (crankshaft juyawa kusurwa 360 ° ~ 540 °). A cikin wannan bugun jini, abubuwan sha da shaye-shaye an rufe su gabaɗaya, kuma walƙiya yana tsalle lokacin da fistan ya kasance a saman mataccen wurin tsakiya. Wuta tana kunna cakuda mai da gas don sanya matsin lamba a cikin Silinda ya tashi sosai (har zuwa 3 ~ 5MPa), tura piston don matsawa zuwa crankshaft, matsa lamba a hankali ya faɗi, kuma matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin iska yana kusan 0.3 ~ 0.5MPa a ƙarshen bugun wutar lantarki.
D.Exhaust bugun jini: Tsarin motsi na piston daga ƙasa matattu cibiyar zuwa saman matattu cibiyar ana kiransa shanyewar bugun jini (crankshaft juyawa kusurwa 540 ° ~ 720 °). A cikin wannan bugun jini, ana rufe bawul ɗin ci, an buɗe bawul ɗin shaye-shaye, kuma piston yana motsawa sama don tura konewar. Ana fitar da iskar gas daga ɗakin iska, kuma matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin iska yana kusan 0.105 ~ 0.115 MPa a ƙarshen bugun jini. Ƙarshen bugun jini kuma yana nuna ƙarshen zagayowar aikin injin.
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna kwatancen kowane bugun jini na injin jujjuya da injin mai jujjuyawa (gefen hagu na ramukan iska guda biyu a cikin adadi shine ci kuma gefen dama shine shaye). Injin rotary iri ɗaya ne da injin bugun bugun jini huɗu. Matsi, aiki, da shaye-shaye sun ƙunshi bugun jini huɗu. Ramin aiki (ragon aiki na BC) wanda aka kafa tsakanin wani mai lankwasa BC na rotor triangular da bayanin martabar silinda ana ɗaukar shi azaman misali don kwatanta ƙa'idar aiki mai bugun jini huɗu na injin jujjuya.
Ciwon bugun jini: Lokacin da kusurwar C na rotor triangular ya juya zuwa gefen dama na ramin ci, ɗakin aiki na BC ya fara shan iska. A matsayi a, an haɗa ramukan ci da shaye-shaye, kuma abin sha da shaye-shaye suna haɗuwa. Wannan shi ne ƙarami mafi ƙaranci na ɗakin aiki na BC, wanda yayi daidai da babban matsayi na matattu na injin mai juyawa. Yayin da rotor ke ci gaba da juyawa, ƙarar ɗakin ɗakin aiki na BC a hankali yana ƙaruwa, kuma cakuda mai ƙonewa yana ci gaba da tsotse cikin silinda. Lokacin da na'ura mai juyi ya juya 90 ° (babban shaft yana juya 270 °, rabon na'urar zuwa babban saurin gudu a cikin injin jujjuya shine 1: 3, wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar meshing gears) ya kai matsayi b, ƙarar BC. ɗakin aiki ya kai matsakaicin matsakaici, wanda yayi daidai da ƙananan ɓangaren injin mai juyawa A wurin matattu na tsakiya, bugun bugun jini ya ƙare.
Matsawa bugun jini: Yayin da rotor triangular ke ci gaba da juyawa, kusurwar saman B ta haye gefen hagu na rami mai shiga, kuma bugun bugun jini ya fara, ƙarar ɗakin aiki na BC a hankali yana raguwa, kuma matsa lamba yana girma da girma. Lokacin da ya kai matsayi c, mai jujjuya yana juyawa 180 ° (Babban shaft yana juyawa 540 °), ƙarar ɗakin aiki na BC ya kai mafi ƙanƙanta, wanda yayi daidai da matsakaicin matsayi na matattu na injin mai jujjuyawar, kuma bugun bugun ya ƙare.
Bugawar aiki: A ƙarshen bugun bugun jini, toshe walƙiya yana walƙiya, yawan zafin jiki da iskar gas mai ƙarfi yana tura piston triangular don ci gaba da juyawa, kuma ƙarar ɗakin aikin BC a hankali yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da kusurwar C ya kai gefen dama na ramin shayewa, a matsayi d, mai jujjuya yana juya 270 ° (spindle jujjuya 810 °), ƙarar ɗakin aiki na BC ya kai matsakaicin, wanda yake daidai da ƙasa matattu matsayi na tsakiya. injin mai maimaitawa, kuma bugun wutar lantarki ya ƙare.
Shayewar shaye-shaye: lokacin da kusurwar triangle na rotor C ya juya zuwa gefen dama na ramin shayewa, bugun bugun ya fara, kuma a ƙarshe rotor na triangle ya koma matsayi a, bugun shayewar ya ƙare, rotor yana juyawa 360 ° (babban shaft yana juyawa uku. sau), kuma daya aiki Zagayen zai ƙare. A lokaci guda, CA aiki rami da AB aiki rami suma kammala wani aiki sake zagayowar bi da bi.
● Kwatanta abubuwan injin:
Injin Rotary: rukunin jiki, jirgin bawul, tsarin samarwa, tsarin ƙonewa, tsarin sanyaya, tsarin lubrication, tsarin farawa
Injin fistan mai jujjuyawar: saitin jiki, injin haɗin sandar crank, jirgin bawul, tsarin samarwa, tsarin ƙonewa, tsarin sanyaya, tsarin lubrication, tsarin farawa
● Fa'idodi da rashin amfanin injinan biyu:
◆ Injin mai juyawa:
amfani:
1. Fasahar masana'anta ya balaga. An haife shi fiye da shekaru 120. An ci gaba da inganta fasahohi iri-iri. Ita ce injin konewa na cikin gida da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya kuma yana da ƙarancin kulawa da gyare-gyare.
2. Amintaccen aiki, kyakkyawan iska mai ƙarfi da amincin watsa wutar lantarki.
3. Kyakkyawan tattalin arzikin mai.
kasawa:
1. Tsarin tsari, babban girma da nauyi mai nauyi.
2. Ƙarfin inertial mai maimaitawa da lokacin rashin aiki wanda ya haifar da motsin motsi na piston a cikin hanyar haɗin haɗin crank ba za a iya daidaita shi gaba ɗaya ba. Girman wannan ƙarfin da ba zai iya aiki ba ya yi daidai da murabba'in gudun, wanda ke rage sassaucin motsin injin da kuma hana haɓakar injuna masu sauri.
3. Kamar yadda yanayin aiki na injin piston mai bugun bugun jini guda huɗu shine cewa uku daga cikin bugun jini guda huɗu gaba ɗaya sun dogara da jujjuyawar inertia ta tashi, ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin injin ɗin ba daidai ba ne, kodayake injunan zamani suna amfani da Multi-Silinda da V. -tsari mai siffa. Rage wannan gazawar, amma ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da shi gaba daya.
◆ Injin rotary:
amfani:
1. Ƙananan girman da nauyi mai sauƙi, mai sauƙi don rage tsakiyar nauyin abin hawa. Tun da injin jujjuya ba shi da injin haɗin sandar crank, tsayin injin yana raguwa sosai, kuma ana saukar da tsakiyar nauyi a lokaci guda.
2. Tsarin sauƙi. Idan aka kwatanta da injin fistan mai jujjuyawar, injin jujjuyawar yana rage injin haɗin sandar crank, wanda ke haifar da ingantacciyar injin injuna da ƙarancin sassa.
3. Uniform juyi halaye. Tun da silinda ɗaya na injin jujjuya yana da ɗakuna masu aiki guda uku a lokaci guda, ƙarfin jujjuyawar ya fi na injin piston mai juyawa.
4. Taimakawa ga haɓakar injunan sauri, saboda piston rotor da babban ma'auni na ma'auni shine 1: 3, ba a buƙatar babban piston gudun don cimma babban saurin injin.
kasawa:
1. Yawan amfani da man fetur yana da yawa, kuma fitar da hayaki yana da wuyar cika ma'auni. Domin kowane Silinda yana da ɗakuna masu aiki guda uku, kowane juyi na rotor piston yayi daidai da bugun wuta uku. Idan aka kwatanta da 3000rpm da injin piston mai jujjuyawa, injin piston mai juyawa yana fesa sau 750 /min, kuma injin jujjuya yana daidai da saurin rpm 1000, amma yana buƙatar sau 3000/min. Ana iya ganin cewa yawan man da injin rotary ke amfani da shi ya fi na injin fistan mai juyawa. A lokaci guda kuma, siffar ɗakin konewa na injin rotary ba ya dace da cikakken konewa na cakuda mai ƙonewa, hanyar yada harshen wuta yana da tsawo, kuma yawan man fetur yana da yawa. A lokaci guda, abubuwan da ke cikin gurɓataccen abu a cikin iskar iskar gas ya fi girma.
2. Saboda tsarin injin, nau'in kunnawa kawai za a iya amfani da shi maimakon nau'in wutar lantarki, wato, man fetur kawai za a iya amfani da shi a matsayin mai maimakon dizal.
3. Saboda injin jujjuya yana amfani da madaidaicin shaft, injin yana girgiza sosai.
4. Matsayi mai girma na ma'aunin wutar lantarki (spindle) ba ya dace da tsarin duk abin hawa.
5. Fasahar sarrafawa da fasaha na injin rotary yana da girma, kuma farashin yana da yawa.
