V8 crankshafts na injuna kusan kashi biyu ne, ɗayan giciye crankshaft ne ɗayan kuma lebur crankshaft. Babban bambanci shine kusurwa tsakanin kowane crankshafts biyu shine digiri 90 maimakon digiri 180. Injin crankshaft na jirgin sama na V8 yana da tsari mai sauƙi da ƙaramin rashin ƙarfi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga babban juyin juya hali da amsa injin, tare da babban girgiza ...

Akwai ra'ayoyi guda biyu na girgizar injin inji: oda na farko da girgizar oda na biyu

Misali injin silinda uku

A duk lokacin da crankshaft yana juyawa, ba wai kawai adadin pistons sama da ƙasa koyaushe ya bambanta ba, hanyoyin motsi na pistons na Silinda 1 da Silinda 3 koyaushe suna gaba da juna, yana haifar da injin ba kawai girgiza sama da ƙasa ba, Hakanan ma. oscillates baya da baya. Idan kana son amfani da ita a kan motar da aka kera da yawa, dole ne ka ba ta kayan ma'auni, in ba haka ba za ka iya amfani da shi don fitar da abin wasan yara na lantarki. Kamar yadda ake cewa: Silinda uku ya gigita duniya.

Amma na'ura na gama gari hudu-Silinda

Ga alama cewa silinda guda biyu suna motsawa sama yayin da silinda biyu ke motsawa ƙasa. Shin wannan injin cikakke ne?

Fitar da rabin injin silinda guda huɗu don yin nazari daban, ba shi da wahala a gano cewa saboda tsarin tsarin geometric na sandar haɗin crank, saurin fistan sama koyaushe yana sauri fiye da saurin fistan ƙasa, yana haifar da injin don girgiza sama da ƙasa kowane digiri 180 na crankshaft. .

Magani? Madaidaicin ma'auni wanda ke juyawa sau biyu da sauri kamar crankshaft. Ana iya cewa bayan da Mitsubishi ya fara amfani da ma'aunin ma'auni mai dual a cikin injin da aka samar mai kashi 4 a cikin shekarun 1970, wannan nau'in injin yana da gaba.

Duk da haka, farkon crankshaft na injin silinda hudu ba shi da ma'aunin nauyi. Baya ga matsalolin sarrafa injina a wancan lokacin, saurin injin ya yi ƙasa da na injin diesel na yanzu.

Don haka a cikin 1910s, masu zanen Cadillac da Ford sun so su magance matsalar girgiza ta hanyar kusurwa 90-digiri da counterweight. (Amma a ka'idar, axis jirgin sama baya buƙatar wannan ƙirar)

Bawul ɗin gefen V8 da sauƙi mai lebur crankshaft a wancan lokacin

Amfanin injin kwana na 90° wanda aka haɗa shine cewa ana iya amfani da ma'aunin ma'auni akan crankshaft don kashe juzu'in girgizar da motsi na piston ya haifar a cikin wani jeri na cylinders. Wannan ka'ida ta shafi injin nau'in V-digiri 90 tare da nau'i-nau'i na cylinders da yawa.

Misali, lokacin da silinda na sama ya motsa sama, mai ƙima yana motsawa ƙasa. Yayin da yake jujjuya agogo baya, gudun counterweight yana nuni zuwa ƙasan dama bayan ya juya da ƙarfe 6, amma fistan yana motsawa daga dama zuwa hagu yana fuskantar wannan lokacin.

Amma a cikin shekarun 1920, saurin injin ya karu, kuma matsalar girgizar ta biyu ta kara fitowa fili, don haka yawancin injunan V8 da aka kera jama'a suka fara sanye da giciye crankshaft.

Babban bambanci tsakanin giciye crankshaft (saman) da jirgin sama crankshaft (kasa) shine cewa kwana tsakanin kowane crankshafts biyu shine digiri 90 maimakon digiri 180. Crankshaft na jirgin sama V8 zai sami matsala iri ɗaya na girgiza na biyu kamar madaidaiciyar injin 4, kuma tazarar digiri 90 tsakanin layuka biyu na cylinders shima zai haifar da rawar jiki na digiri 180. Gicciyen crankshaft shine saboda bambanci tsakanin saiti biyu na crankshafts da aka raba ta 180 digiri shine digiri 90 maimakon digiri 180. Mitar girgiza na biyu shine kawai rabin crankshaft na jirgin sama, kuma amplitude yana raguwa sosai.

Ka tuna fa'idodin injin 90-digiri? Ana magance matsalar bayan ƙara ƙima

Amma ga matsalar ta zo. Tunda kowane jere na silinda yana da pistons guda biyu da ke kaiwa ga matattu cibiyar a cikin tazarar digiri 90, komai yadda aka tsara tsarin kunna wuta, kowane jere na silinda zai sami wuta biyu a tazarar digiri 90, wanda ke haifar da tsangwama mai tsanani (wato. Injin V8 na gaba ɗaya yana kama da abin da ke haifar da hayaniya daga injinan noma).

Sabili da haka, don haɓaka ƙarfin ɓoyewa a cikin ƙananan gudu, janar na V8 zai tsara nau'in ma'auni na nau'in H ko nau'in X a tsakiyar shaye-shaye, kuma ya yi amfani da bambancin matsa lamba tsakanin shaye-shaye biyu don rage tasirin tasirin. shaye tsangwama.

Wasu V8s da aka mayar da hankali kan aiki suna amfani da ƙira mai rikitarwa. Misali, bututun mai na Ford GT yana haɗa silinda mai kunna wuta da ke kusa da mashigar shaye-shaye a wancan gefe. Abin da ya fi haka (BMW mai ban tsoro) ba ya shakkar ƙãre abin sha. Aunawa zuwa ciki na V don amfani da ƙarin rikitattun abubuwan shaye-shaye

Don haka giciye crankshaft ba abu ne mai kyau ga manyan injunan ayyuka ba. Ko da yake jijjiga yana da ƙananan, nauyin ƙima mai nauyi yana haifar da inertia na ciki na injin ya zama babba, wanda ba shi da amfani ga amsawar injiniya mai mahimmanci da fahimtar babban gudun, ba tare da ambaton rage nauyi ba. Bugu da kari, tsoma bakin shaye-shaye kuma babban haramun ne na injunan aiki. Don haka injin V8 mai girma na Turai har yanzu ya nace akan yin amfani da lebur crankshaft.

The jirgin crankshaft V8 m welds biyu madaidaiciya 4s tare. Tun da pistons da ke gudana sama da ƙasa koyaushe suna cikin nau'i-nau'i, ba za a sami matsalar firgita ta farko ba, amma jijjiga na biyu dole ne ya buƙaci madaidaicin ma'auni mai nauyi. Don magance. Bugu da ƙari na ma'auni na ma'auni yana ƙara yawan taro da lokacin inertia, don haka waɗannan injunan aikin suna amfani da pistons na gajeren lokaci da kuma tsarin da ya fi karfi don magance bayyanar cututtuka kuma ba tushen tushen don rage girman waɗannan girgiza ba.

Tsarin harbe-harbe na jirgin saman crankshaft V8 abu ne mai sauqi qwarai, kuma babu matsala cewa giciye crankshaft V8 da shaye-shaye cylinders suna ƙonewa a jere. Silinda da ke yin aiki koyaushe suna hagu-dama-hagu-dama-dama-dama-hagu-dama..., maimakon hagu-dama-hagu-dama-dama-hagu-dama-dama kamar giciye axis, don haka akwai Ba layi ba Don matsalolin tsangwama na iska, zaku iya amfani da nau'ikan shaye-shaye masu tsayi daidai daidai don ƙara ƙarfi a manyan juyin juya hali.

Giciye shaft

Abũbuwan amfãni: low vibration da kuma santsi aiki

Rashin hasara: nauyi mai nauyi, babban rashin aiki, tsoma baki

Axis jirgin sama

Abũbuwan amfãni: tsari mai sauƙi, ƙananan inertia, mai kyau ga babban gudu da amsawar injiniya

Rashin hasara: babban rawar jiki