『Injini yeRotary』
2021-08-27
Injini esivame ukuyibona isesimweni sokuphindaphinda kwe-piston, okungukuthi, i-piston yenza ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe komugqa kusilinda, futhi ukunyakaza okuqondile kwepiston kuguqulwa kube ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft ngokusebenzisa i-crankshaft, kuyilapho i-rotary. Injini ayinayo le nqubo yokuguqula, kungenxa yepiston Ukuzungeza kusilinda kushayela shaft eyinhloko yenjini (ukuthi iwukuba, i-crankshaft yenjini evamile, ngenxa yokuthi ayigobile, ayisabizwa ngokuthi i-crankshaft), ngakho-ke kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwakho kokubili.
A. Ukushaywa unhlangothi: Inqubo yokunyakaza kwepiston ukusuka enkabeni efile kuya phansi ibizwa ngokuthi i-intake stroke (i-crankshaft rotation angle 0~180°). Kulesi sifo, i-valve yokungena iyavuleka, i-valve yokukhipha umoya iyavaleka, futhi igumbi lomoya lixhumana nomkhathi. Ukucindezela komkhathi kwenza ingxube kawoyela negesi ingene, futhi ukucindezela kusilinda cishe ku-0.075~0.09MPa ekupheleni kokuthatha.
B.I-Compression stroke: Inqubo yokunyakaza kwepiston ukusuka endaweni efile ephansi kuya phezulu esikhungweni esifile ibizwa ngokuthi i-compression stroke (i-crankshaft rotation angle ingu-180 ° ~360 °). Kulesi sigameko, ama-valve okungenisa kanye nokukhipha avaliwe ngokugcwele, futhi ukucindezela kwengxube kawoyela negesi ekamelweni lomoya kancane kancane kuyanda. Ukucindezela ekamelweni lomoya ekupheleni kwe-compress stroke cishe ku-0.6 kuya ku-1.2 MPa.
I-C.Power stroke: Inqubo yokunyakaza kwe-piston ukusuka endaweni efile phezulu kuya phansi phansi ibizwa ngokuthi i-power stroke (i-crankshaft rotation angle 360°~540°). Kulesi sifo, amavalvu okukhiphayo nawokukhipha umoya avaleke ngokugcwele, futhi ipulaki yenhlansi iyagxuma lapho ipiston isendaweni ephakathi nendawo efile. Umlilo uthungela ingxube kawoyela negesi ukwenza ingcindezi kusilinda inyuke kakhulu (kufika ku-3 ~ 5MPa), phusha isibhamu ukuze siye ku-crankshaft, ingcindezi iyehla kancane kancane, futhi ingcindezi egumbini lomoya icishe ibe ngu-0.3 ~ 0.5MPa ekupheleni kokushaywa kwamandla.
D.I-Exhaust Stroke: Inqubo yokunyakaza kwepiston ukusuka endaweni efile ephansi kuya phezulu efile ibizwa ngokuthi i-exhaust stroke (i-crankshaft rotation angle 540°~720°). Kulesi sifo, i-valve yokudonsa ivaliwe, i-valve yokukhipha umoya iyavulwa, futhi i-piston ihambela phezulu ukuze iphushe umlilo. I-exhaust gas ikhishwa ekamelweni lomoya, futhi ukucindezela komoya ekamelweni lomoya cishe ku-0.105 ~ 0.115 MPa ekupheleni kwe-stroke. Ukuphela kwe-stroke kuphinda kuphawule ukuphela komjikelezo wokusebenza kwenjini.
Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwe-stroke ngayinye yenjini ejikelezayo kanye nenjini ephindaphindayo (uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwezimbobo zomoya ezimbili emfanekisweni ukungenisa kanye kwesokudla yi-exhaust). Injini ye-rotary iyafana nenjini ene-four-stroke. Ukucindezelwa, ukusebenza, kanye nokukhipha amandla kwakhiwe imivimbo emine. Isikhala sokusebenza (i-BC working cavity) esakhiwe phakathi kwendawo egobile BC yerotha engunxantathu kanye nephrofayili yesilinda sithathwa njengesibonelo ukukhombisa umgomo wokusebenza kwemivimbo emine yenjini ejikelezayo.
I-stroke yokungena: Uma ikona C le-rotor engunxantathu iphendukela emaphethelweni angakwesokudla wembobo yokungenisa, igumbi lokusebenza le-BC liqala ukufaka umoya. Esimeni a, izimbobo zokungenisa kanye ne-exhaust zixhunyiwe, futhi ukungena nokukhipha kuyagqagqana. Lona umthamo omncane kakhulu wegumbi lokusebenza le-BC, elilingana nendawo ephakathi nendawo efile yenjini ephendulayo. Njengoba i-rotor iqhubeka nokujikeleza, umthamo wegumbi lokusebenza le-BC kancane kancane ukhula, futhi ingxube evuthayo ihlale imuncwa ku-cylinder. Lapho i-rotor izungeza i-90 ° (i-shaft eyinhloko izungeza i-270 °, isilinganiso se-rotor nesivinini se-shaft enjini ejikelezayo singu-1: 3, esinqunywa amagiya e-meshing) sifinyelela isikhundla b, ivolumu ye-BC Igumbi lokusebenza lifinyelela inani eliphakeme, elilingana nengxenye engezansi yenjini ephindaphindayo Esimeni sesikhungo esifile, ukushaywa kwe-intake kuyaphela.
I-Compress Stroke: Njengoba i-rotor engunxantathu iqhubeka nokujikeleza, ingaphezulu lekhoneni B liwela umkhawulo wesokunxele wembobo yokungena, futhi ukushaywa kokucindezela kuqala, ivolumu yegumbi lokusebenza le-BC liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi ingcindezi iba nkulu futhi ibe mkhulu. Uma ifika endaweni c, i-rotor ijikeleza i-180 ° (I-shaft eyinhloko ijikeleza i-540 °), ivolumu yegumbi lokusebenza le-BC ifinyelela ubuncane, okulingana nendawo ephezulu ephakathi efile yenjini ebuyiselayo, futhi ukushaywa kokucindezela kuyaphela.
I-stroke yomsebenzi: Ekupheleni kwe-compress stroke, i-spark plug iyakhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye negesi yokucindezela okukhulu iphusha i-piston engunxantathu ukuze iqhubeke nokujikeleza, futhi umthamo wegumbi lokusebenza le-BC ukhula kancane kancane. Lapho ikhoneni C lifinyelela onqenqemeni olungakwesokudla lwembobo yokukhipha umoya, endaweni d, i-rotor izungeza i-270 ° (i-spindle rotation 810 °), ivolumu yegumbi lokusebenza le-BC ifinyelela phezulu, elilingana nendawo ephansi yesikhungo esifile. injini ephindaphindayo, futhi ukushaywa kwamandla kuyaphela.
I-Exhaust Stroke: lapho i-angle engunxantathu ye-rotor C iphendukela ngakwesokudla kwembobo yokukhipha umoya, i-exhaust stroke iqala, futhi ekugcineni i-rotor engunxantathu ibuyela endaweni a, ukushaywa kwe-exhaust kuyaphela, i-rotor ijikeleza i-360 ° (i-shaft eyinhloko ijikeleza ezintathu. izikhathi), nomsebenzi owodwa Umjikelezo uyaphela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umgodi wokusebenza we-CA kanye nomgodi wokusebenza we-AB nawo uqedela umjikelezo wokusebenza ngokulandelana.
● Ukuqhathaniswa kokwakheka kwenjini:
Injini ejikelezayo: iqembu lomzimba, isitimela se-valve, isistimu yokunikezela, isistimu yokuthungela, isistimu yokupholisa, isistimu yokugcoba, isistimu yokuqala
Injini ye-piston ephindaphindayo: isethi yomzimba, i-crank connecting rod mechanism, isitimela se-valve, isistimu yokunikezela, isistimu yokuthungela, isistimu yokupholisa, isistimu yokuthambisa, isistimu yokuqala
● Ubuhle nokubi kwezinjini ezimbili:
◆ Injini ephindaphindayo:
inzuzo:
1. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buvuthiwe. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwe-120 yazalwa. Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene buye bathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo. Iyinjini evuthayo yangaphakathi esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi inezindleko eziphansi zokuyilungisa nokulungisa.
2. Umsebenzi onokwethenjelwa, ukuqina komoya okuhle nokuthembeka kokudluliswa kwamandla.
3. Uwonga uphethiloli omuhle.
ukushiyeka:
1. Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, umthamo omkhulu kanye nesisindo esinzima.
2. Amandla angenayo aphindaphindayo kanye nomzuzu wokungenzi lutho okubangelwa ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwepiston kumshini wokuxhuma we-crank akukwazi ukulingana ngokuphelele. Ubukhulu balamandla angasebenziyo bulingana nesikwele sejubane, okunciphisa ukushelela kwenjini egijima futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinjini ezinesivinini esikhulu.
3. Njengoba indlela yokusebenza yenjini ye-piston enemivimbo emine iwukuthi imivimbo emithathu kwemine incike ngokuphelele ekujikelezeni kwe-flywheel inertia, amandla netorque ephumayo yenjini ayilingani kakhulu, nakuba izinjini zesimanje zisebenzisa i-multi-cylinder kanye ne-V. -Amalungiselelo amise. Yehlisa lokhu kushiyeka, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukukuqeda ngokuphelele.
◆ Injini ejikelezayo:
inzuzo:
1. Usayizi omncane nesisindo esincane, kulula ukwehlisa isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi emotweni. Njengoba injini ye-rotary ingenayo i-crank rod rod mechanism, ukuphakama kwenjini kuncipha kakhulu, futhi isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi sehliswa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
2. Isakhiwo esilula. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini ye-piston ephindaphindayo, injini ejikelezayo yehlisa umshini wokuxhuma we-crank, okuholela emshinini wenjini owenziwe lula kakhulu kanye nezingxenye ezimbalwa.
3. Izici ze-torque ezifanayo. Njengoba isilinda esisodwa senjini ejikelezayo sinamagumbi amathathu okusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuphuma kwetorque kufana kakhulu kunenjini ye-piston ephindaphindayo.
4. Ivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinjini zejubane eliphezulu, ngoba i-piston rotor kanye nesilinganiso sesivinini se-shaft esiyinhloko singu-1: 3, isivinini se-piston esiphezulu asidingeki ukuze kuzuzwe isivinini senjini.
ukushiyeka:
1. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuphezulu, futhi ukukhishwa kwe-exhaust kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezinga. Ngenxa yokuthi isilinda ngasinye sinamagumbi amathathu okusebenza, ukuphenduka ngakunye kwe-piston rotor kulingana nokushaywa kwamandla okuthathu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-3000rpm kanye nenjini ye-piston ephindaphindayo, injini ye-piston ephindaphindayo izifutho izikhathi ezingu-750/min, futhi injini ye-rotary ilingana nejubane lika-1000rpm, kodwa idinga izikhathi ezingu-3000/min. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli enjini ye-rotary kuphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yenjini ye-piston ephindaphindayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwakheka kwegumbi elivuthayo lenjini ejikelezayo akuhambisani nokuvutha okugcwele kwengxube evuthayo, indlela yokusakaza ilangabi yinde, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kukhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuqukethwe okungcolile ku-exhaust gas kuphezulu.
2. Ngenxa yesakhiwo senjini, uhlobo lokuthungela kuphela olungasetshenziswa esikhundleni sohlobo lokuthungela ngokucindezela, okungukuthi, uphethiloli kuphela ongasetshenziswa njengophethiloli esikhundleni sikadizili.
3. Ngenxa yokuthi injini ejikelezayo isebenzisa i-eccentric shaft, injini idlidliza kakhulu.
4. Isikhundla esiphezulu somshini wokuphotha amandla (i-spindle) asihambisani nesakhiwo sayo yonke imoto.
5. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula nokukhiqiza benjini ye-rotary buphezulu, futhi izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu.
