1. Isizathu seringi yepiston

(1) Into yeringi yepiston ayihlangabezani nezidingo futhi amandla okugoba aphansi;

(2) Ungqimba olungaphezulu lokwelapha lweringi luwugqinsi kakhulu, futhi ukumelana nokukhathala kubi.

2. Izizathu ze-Piston

(1) Ngemva kokuba umsele oyindandatho usugugile, unomumo wecilongo, okwenza indandatho yepiston inyakaze futhi iphuke lapho isebenza;

(2) I-piston ikhubazekile noma iqhekezwe ukushisa, futhi iringi ikhubazekile futhi iphulwa ngokucindezelwa;

(3) I-groove yeringi ye-piston ayilingani, indandatho ibambekile futhi ilahlekelwa ukunwebeka kwayo, futhi iphulwa umthelela.

3. Izizathu ze-cylinder liner

(1) I-diameter yangaphakathi ye-cylinder liner incane, futhi ukuvuleka kweringi ye-piston kunamathele futhi kuphukile;

(2) I-diameter yangaphakathi ye-cylinder liner inkulu, igebe lokugcina lendandatho likhulu, futhi i-flutter iyaqina lapho indandatho isebenza;

(3) I-cylinder liner i-wavy, futhi indandatho iphulwa amandla angavamile ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

4. Ezinye izizathu

(1) Ukugcotshwa okungalungile;

(2) Ukugqokwa kweringi kweqe umkhawulo wesevisi, futhi izophuka ngemva kokuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa;

(3) Iphukile ngenxa yokufakwa nokuhlakazwa okungafanele;

(4) Isinyathelo sesikhungo esiphezulu esifile se-cylinder liner endala asiqediwe.