Lapho silungisa injini yemoto, isenzakalo "sokuvuza okuthathu" (ukuvuza kwamanzi, ukuvuza kukawoyela nokuvuza komoya) yikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu kubasebenzi bokulungisa. "Ukuvuza okuthathu" kungase kubonakale kuvamile, kodwa kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwemoto kanye nokuhlanzeka kokubukeka kwenjini yemoto. Ukuthi "ukuvuza okuthathu" ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zenjini kungalawulwa ngokuqinile yini kuyindaba ebalulekile okufanele icatshangwe ngabasebenzi bezokulungisa.

1 Izinhlobo zezimpawu zenjini nokukhetha kwazo

Izinga lempahla yophawu lwenjini kanye nokukhetha kwayo okulungile kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokusebenza kophawu lwenjini.

① I-gasket yebhodi likakhokho
Ama-gaskets e-Corkboard acindezelwa kukhokho oyimbudumbudu ngesibophezelo esifanele. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa epanini likawoyela, ikhava ehlangothini yejakhethi lamanzi, indawo yokukhipha amanzi, indawo yokubeka i-thermostat, iphampu yamanzi kanye nesembozo sevalvu, njll. Lapho esetshenziswa, ama-gasket anjalo awaseyona into ekhethwayo ezimotweni zesimanje ngenxa yokuthi amabhodi kakhokho aphuka kalula futhi ezingalungile ukuzifaka, kodwa zisengasetshenziswa esikhundleni.

② I-gasket yepuleti le-asbestos gasket
Ibhodi ye-asbestos ye-Liner iyinsimbi efana ne-plate eyenziwe nge-asbestos fiber kanye ne-adhesive material, enezici zokumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokucindezela, ukumelana nowoyela, futhi akukho kuguqulwa. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kuma-carburetors, amaphampu kaphethiloli, izihlungi zikawoyela, izindlu zegiya lesikhathi, njll.

③ Iphedi yerabha engazweli uwoyela
Umata wenjoloba ongawatholi uwoyela wenziwa ikakhulukazi ngenjoloba ye-nitrile nenjoloba yemvelo, bese kwengezwa usilika we-asbestos. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa njenge-gasket ebunjiwe yokuvala izinjini zezimoto, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziselwa amapani kawoyela, izembozo zevalvu, izindlu zamagiya wesikhathi kanye nezihlungi zomoya.

④ I-gasket ekhethekile
a. Izigxivizo zamafutha zangaphambili nangemuva ze-crankshaft ngokuvamile ziyizingxenye ezikhethekile ezijwayelekile. Iningi labo lisebenzisa ama-skeleton rubber oil seals. Lapho ufaka, naka ukuqondiswa kwayo. Uma ingekho inkomba yelebula, udebe olunobubanzi obuncane obungaphakathi bophawu lwamafutha kufanele lufakwe lubheke enjinini.
b. I-cylinder liner ngokuvamile yenziwe ngeshidi lensimbi noma i-asbestos yethusi. Njengamanje, iningi lama-gaskets enjini yemoto asebenzisa ama-gaskets ahlanganisiwe, okungukuthi, ungqimba lwensimbi lwangaphakathi lwengezwa phakathi nongqimba lwe-asbestos ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukumelana "kwe-washout" kwe-cylinder head gasket kuyathuthukiswa. Ukufakwa kwe-cylinder liner kufanele kunake indlela yayo. Uma kunophawu lokuhlanganisa "TOP", kufanele lubheke phezulu; uma lungekho uphawu lokuhlanganisa, indawo ebushelelezi ye-cylinder head gasket ye-general cast iron cylinder block kufanele ibhekane nebhulokhi yesilinda, kuyilapho isilinda se-aluminium alloy cylinder block kufanele sibheke phezulu. Uhlangothi olubushelelezi lwe-gasket kufanele lubhekane nekhanda le-cylinder.
c. Ama-gaskets amaningi okungenisa nawokukhipha enziwe ngensimbi noma ngethusi elimbozwe i-asbestos. Lapho ufaka, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo egobile (okungukuthi, indawo engeyona ebushelelezi) ibhekene nomzimba we-cylinder.
d. Uphawu olusohlangothini lwekepisi yokugcina eyinhloko ye-crankshaft ngokuvamile luvalwa ngendlela ethambile noma uqalo. Kodwa-ke, uma lungekho ucezu olunjalo, intambo ye-asbestos efakwe emafutheni okugcoba ingasetshenziswa futhi esikhundleni salokho, kodwa lapho igcwaliswa, intambo ye-asbestos kufanele iphihlizwe ngesibhamu esikhethekile ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamafutha.
e. I-spark plug ne-exhaust pipe interface gasket kufanele kushintshwe i-gasket entsha ngemva kokuhlakazwa nokuhlanganisa; indlela yokwengeza ama-gaskets aphindwe kabili akufanele yamukelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza komoya. Isipiliyoni sekufakazele ukuthi ukusebenza kokuvalwa kwama-gaskets aphindwe kabili kubi kakhulu.

⑤ I-Sealant
I-Sealant iwuhlobo olusha lwempahla yokuvala ekunakekelweni kwezinjini zesimanje zezimoto. Ukubukeka nokuthuthukiswa kwayo kunikeza izimo ezinhle zokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvalwa nokuxazulula "ukuvuza okuthathu" kwezinjini. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-sealants, angasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zemoto. Izinjini zezimoto ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-non-bonded (okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-liquid gasket) sealant. Kuyi-viscous liquid substance ene-polymer compound njenge-matrix. Ngemuva kokumboza, ungqimba oluncane oluqinile, oluzinzile futhi oluqhubekayo olunamathelayo noma ifilimu e-peelable kwakheka endaweni ehlangene yezingxenye, futhi ingagcwalisa ngokugcwele ukucindezeleka kanye nobuso bobuso obuhlangene. esikhaleni. I-sealant ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nama-gaskets awo esembozweni se-valve yenjini, ipani likawoyela, ikhava yokuphakamisa i-valve, njll., futhi ingasetshenziswa yodwa ngaphansi kwesembozo sokugcina se-crankshaft, kanye namapulaki embobo kawoyela kanye amapulaki amafutha. njalo njalo.

2 Kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele zibhekwe ekugcinweni kwezigxivizo zenjini

① I-gasket yokuvala endala ayikwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe
Ama-gaskets okuvala enjini afakwe phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili. Lapho ama-gaskets ecindezelwe, ahambisana nokungalingani kwe-microscopic ebusweni bezingxenye futhi adlale indima yokuvala. Ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho injini igcinwa, i-gasket entsha kufanele ishintshwe, ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuvuza kuzokwenzeka nakanjani.

② Indawo ehlangene yezingxenye kufanele ibe isicaba futhi ihlanzeke
Ngaphambi kokufaka i-gasket entsha, qinisekisa ukuthi indawo ehlangene yengxenye ihlanzekile futhi ayinakho ukungcola, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukuthi ingxenye engaphezulu isontekile yini, ukuthi kukhona yini i-convex hull emgodini wokuxhuma wesikulufa, njll. ., futhi kufanele ilungiswe uma kunesidingo. Umthelela wokuvala we-gasket ungenziwa kuphela uma indawo ehlangene yezingxenye isicaba, ihlanzekile futhi ingenakho ukungqubuzana.

③ I-gasket yenjini kufanele ibekwe kahle futhi igcinwe
Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kufanele igcinwe ngokuphelele ebhokisini lokuqala, futhi akufanele ipakishwe ngokungafanele ukuze igobe futhi idlulelane, futhi akufanele ilengiswe ezingwegweni.

④ Zonke izintambo zokuxhuma kufanele zihlanzeke futhi zingonakali
Ukungcola emiculweni yama-bolts noma izimbobo zezikulufa kufanele kususwe ngokucupha noma ngokuthinta; ukungcola okungaphansi kwezimbobo zesikulufa kufanele kususwe ngompompi kanye nomoya ocindezelwe; izintambo ezisekhanda le-aluminium alloy cylinder noma umzimba we-cylinder kufanele zigcwaliswe nge-sealant , ukuvimbela igesi ukuthi ingangeni ejazini lamanzi.

⑤ Indlela yokubopha kufanele ibe nengqondo
Kundawo ehlangene exhunywe amabhawodi amaningi, ibhawodi elilodwa noma inati akufanele ligoqwe endaweni ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa kufanele liqiniswe izikhathi eziningana ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuguqulwa kwezingxenye ukuthi kuthinte ukusebenza kokuvala. Ama-bolts namantongomane ezindaweni ezibalulekile ezihlangene kufanele aqiniswe ngokuvumelana ne-oda elishiwo kanye ne-torque eqinisayo.
a. Ukulandelana kokuqinisa kwekhanda lesilinda kufanele kube okulungile. Uma uqinisa amabhawodi ekhanda lesilinda, kufanele anwetshwe ngokulinganayo ukusuka phakathi nendawo ukuya ezinhlangothini ezine, noma ngokuya ngeshadi lokulandelana eliqinisayo elinikezwe umenzi.
b. Indlela yokuqinisa amabhawodi ekhanda le-cylinder kufanele ilungile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, inani le-torque eliqinisa ibhawudi kufanele liqiniswe enanini elishiwo izikhathi ezi-3, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwetorque izikhathi ezi-3 kungu-1/4, 1/2 kanye nenani le-torque elishiwo. Amabhawodi ekhanda lesilinda anezidingo ezikhethekile azokwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho yomkhiqizi. Isibonelo, i-Hongqi CA 7200 sedan idinga inani letorque engu-61N·m okokuqala, 88N·m okwesibili, kanye nokuzungezisa okungu-90° okwesithathu.
c. Ikhanda le-aluminium alloy cylinder, njengoba i-coefficient yayo yokwandisa inkulu kune-bolts, amabhawodi kufanele aqiniswe esimweni esibandayo. I-cast iron cylinder head bolts kufanele iqiniswe kabili, okungukuthi, ngemva kokuba imoto ebandayo iqinisiwe, futhi injini iyafudumala bese iqiniswa kanye.
d. I-screw pan kawoyela kufanele ifakwe i-washer flat, futhi i-spring washer akufanele ixhumane ngqo ne-pan yamafutha. Uma uqinisa isikulufu, kufanele siqiniswe ngokulinganayo izikhathi ezingu-2 ukusuka phakathi nendawo kuya emaphethelweni amabili, futhi i-torque eqinisayo ngokuvamile ingu-2ON·m-3ON·m. I-torque eyeqile izolimaza i-pan kawoyela futhi yonakalise ukusebenza kokuvala.

⑥ Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwe-sealant
a. Yonke inzwa yokucindezela kawoyela yepulaki kawoyela kanye namajoyinti anentambo yenzwa ye-alamu kawoyela kufanele ambozwe nge-sealant ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
b. Ama-gaskets ebhodi le-cork akufanele ahlanganiswe ne-sealant, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-gaskets ebhodi elithambile azolimala kalula; ama-sealants akufanele afakwe kuma-cylinder gaskets, ama-gaskets athathayo futhi akhipha amandla amaningi, ama-spark plug gaskets, ama-carburetor gaskets, njll.
c. Uma usebenzisa i-sealant, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokulinganayo endaweni ethile, futhi akufanele kube khona ukuphuka kweglue phakathi, ngaphandle kwalokho kuyoba nokuvuza ku-glue ephukile.
d. Lapho uvala izindawo ezingaphezulu zezingxenye ezimbili nge-sealant yodwa, igebe elikhulu phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili kufanele libe ngaphansi noma lilingane no-0.1mm, ngaphandle kwalokho, i-gasket kufanele yengezwe.

⑦ Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izingxenye zifakiwe futhi zihlanganiswe njengoba kudingekile, uma kusekhona "ukuvuza okuthathu" okwenzekayo, inkinga ngokuvamile ilele kwikhwalithi ye-gasket ngokwayo.
Kuleli qophelo, i-gasket kufanele ihlolwe kabusha futhi ifakwe entsha.

Inqobo nje uma impahla yokuvala ikhethiwe ngokufanelekile futhi izinkinga ezimbalwa zokugcinwa kophawu zinakwa, "ukuvuza okuthathu" kwenjini yemoto kungalawulwa ngempumelelo.