Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukugqokwa kweringi ye-piston, futhi lezi zici zivame ukuhlangana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwenjini kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa zihlukile, futhi ukugqokwa kwendandatho ye-piston nakho kuhluke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, inkinga ayikwazi ukuxazululwa ngokuthuthukisa isakhiwo kanye nempahla ye-piston ring ngokwayo. Izici ezilandelayo zingaqalwa:

1. Khetha izinto ezihambisana nokusebenza kahle

Mayelana nokunciphisa ukugqoka, njengempahla yamasongo e-piston, kufanele kuqala ibe nokumelana okuhle kokugqoka kanye nokugcinwa kwamafutha. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kube ukuthi indandatho yegesi yokuqala igqoka kakhulu kunezinye izindandatho. Ngakho-ke, kudingekile ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisa izinto ezihle ekugcineni ifilimu yamafutha ngaphandle kokulimala. Esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani i-cast iron enesakhiwo se-graphite ibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inokugcinwa kahle kwamafutha kanye nokumelana nokugqoka.
Ukuze uthuthukise ngokwengeziwe ukumelana nokugqoka kwendandatho ye-piston, izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloy zinganezelwa ensimbi ekhonjiwe. Isibonelo, i-chromium molybdenum copper alloy cast iron ring evame ukusetshenziswa ezinjinini manje inezinzuzo ezisobala mayelana nokumelana nokuguga nokugcinwa kukawoyela.
Ngamafuphi, izinto ezisetshenziselwa indandatho ye-piston zingcono kakhulu ukwakha isakhiwo esiqinile esingaguquki se-matrix ethambile kanye nesigaba esiqinile, ukuze indandatho yepiston ibe lula ukugqokwa ngesikhathi sokugijima kokuqala, futhi kunzima ukuyigqoka ngemva kokugijima- phakathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, impahla yesilinda ehambisana nendandatho ye-piston nayo inethonya elikhulu ekugqokeni kweringi ye-piston. Ngokuvamile, ukugqokwa kuncane kakhulu lapho umehluko wobulukhuni bento yokugaya inguziro. Njengoba umehluko wokuqina ukhula, ukugqoka nakho kuyanda. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhetha izinto zokwakha, kungcono ukwenza iringi yepiston ifinyelele umkhawulo wokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunesilinda ngesisekelo sokuthi lezi zingxenye ezimbili zinesikhathi eside sokuphila. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esikhundleni seringi ye-piston ukonga kakhulu futhi kulula kunokuthatha indawo ye-cylinder liner.
Ngokugqokwa kwe-abrasive, ngaphezu kokucabangela ubulukhuni, umphumela wokunwebeka wendandatho ye-piston nawo kufanele ucatshangelwe. Izinto ezinokuqina okuqinile zinzima ukugqoka futhi zibe nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu.

2. Ukuthuthukiswa komumo wesakhiwo

Sekungamashumi eminyaka ukuthuthukiswa okuningi kwenziwa esakhiweni seringi ye-piston ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi umphumela wokushintsha indandatho yegesi yokuqala ibe yindandatho yombhobho ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi indandatho yobuso be-barrel inochungechunge lwezinzuzo, ngokuphathelene nokugqoka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indandatho yobuso be-barrel ihamba phezulu noma phansi, amafutha okugcoba angakwazi ukuphakamisa indandatho ngesenzo se-wedge yamafutha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcotshwa okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indandatho ye-barrel surface ingagwema nomthwalo onqenqemeni. Njengamanje, izindandatho zobuso bemiphongolo zivame ukusetshenziswa njengendandatho yokuqala ezinjinini zikadizili ezithuthukisiwe, futhi izindandatho zobuso bemiphongolo zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zezinjini zikadizili.
Ngokuqondene nendandatho kawoyela, indandatho yangaphakathi ye-brace coil spring cast iron iron, manje evame ukusetshenziswa ekhaya naphesheya, inezinzuzo ezinkulu. Le ndandatho kawoyela ngokwayo iguquguquka kakhulu futhi inokuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu ku-liner ye-cylinder ekhubazekile, ukuze ikwazi ukulondoloza okuhle Ukugcoba kunciphisa ukuguga.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukugqokwa kweringi ye-piston, isakhiwo se-cross-sectional seqembu lendandatho ye-piston kufanele sifaniswe ngokunengqondo ukuze kugcinwe uphawu oluhle kanye nefilimu yamafutha okugcoba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuncishiswe ukugqokwa kwendandatho ye-piston, ukwakheka kwe-cylinder liner kanye ne-piston kufanele kuklanywe ngokunengqondo. Isibonelo, i-cylinder liner yenjini ye-Steyr WD615 yamukela isakhiwo senetha yesikhulumi. Phakathi nenqubo yokugijima, indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-cylinder liner nendandatho ye-piston iyancishiswa. , Ingakwazi ukugcina i-lubrication ye-liquid, futhi inani lokugqoka lincane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mesh isebenza njengethangi lokugcina uwoyela futhi ithuthukisa ikhono le-cylinder liner ukugcina uwoyela wokugcoba. Ngakho-ke, kunenzuzo kakhulu ukunciphisa ukugqokwa kwendandatho ye-piston kanye ne-cylinder liner. Manje injini ngokuvamile ithatha lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo se-cylinder liner. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguga kobuso baphezulu naphansi beringi ye-piston, ubuso bokugcina beringi ye-piston kanye ne-groove yeringi kufanele kugcine imvume efanele ukuze kugwenywe umthwalo omningi womthelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalayini ensimbi angagugiyo e-austenitic angagqoki emseleni ongaphezulu we-piston nawo anganciphisa ukuguga ebusweni baphezulu nangaphansi, kodwa le ndlela ayidingi ukukhuthazwa ngokugcwele ngaphandle kwezimo ezikhethekile. Ngenxa yokuthi ubuciko bayo bunzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda, izindleko nazo ziphezulu.

3. Ukwelashwa kwendawo

Indlela enganciphisa kakhulu ukugqokwa kweringi ye-piston ukwenza ukwelashwa okungaphezulu. Ziningi izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje. Ngokuqondene nemisebenzi yabo, ingafingqwa ngezigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:
Thuthukisa ukuqina kwendawo ukuze unciphise ukuguga. Okusho ukuthi, ungqimba lwensimbi oluqinile kakhulu lwakhiwe endaweni yokusebenza kwendandatho, ukuze i-abrasive yensimbi ethambile ingabi lula ukufakwa ebusweni, futhi ukumelana nokugqoka kwendandatho kuyathuthukiswa. I-Lose-hole chromium plating manje isisetshenziswa kakhulu. Akukhona nje ukuthi ungqimba olufakwe nge-chrome lunokuqina okuphezulu (HV800～1000), i-coefficient ye-friction incane kakhulu, futhi isendlalelo se-chrome esingenalutho sinesakhiwo esihle sokugcina uwoyela, ngakho-ke singathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqokwa kwendandatho ye-piston. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chromium Plating inezindleko eziphansi, ukuzinza okuhle, nokusebenza okuhle ezimweni eziningi. Ngakho-ke, indandatho yokuqala yezinjini zesimanje zonke zisebenzisa izindandatho ezine-chrome, futhi cishe u-100% wezindandatho zikawoyela zisebenzisa izindandatho ezifakwe i-chrome. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi indandatho ye-piston ifakwe nge-chrome, akugcini nje ukugqokwa kwayo kuncane, kepha ukugqokwa kwamanye ama-piston rings nama-cylinder liners angeyona i-chrome-plated nakho kuncane.
Ezinjinini ezinesivinini esikhulu noma ezithuthukisiwe, iringi yepiston akumele ifakwe i-chromium endaweni engaphandle kuphela, kodwa futhi ibe sendaweni engaphezulu nangaphezulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguga kwangaphezulu. Kungcono kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo ezingaphandle ezifakwe nge-chrome zawo wonke amaqembu eringi ukunciphisa ukuguga kwalo lonke iqembu leringi yepiston.
Thuthukisa umthamo wokugcina uwoyela kanye nekhono lokunqanda ukuncibilika kwendawo yokusebenza yeringi yepiston ukuvimbela ukuncibilika nokuguga. Ifilimu yamafutha okugcoba endaweni yokusebenza kwendandatho ye-piston ibhujiswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwakhiwa ukungqubuzana okomile. Uma ungqimba lwengubo engaphezulu ngamafutha okugcina kanye ne-anti-fusion isetshenziswa ebusweni bendandatho ye-piston, inganciphisa ukuguga kwe-fusion futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwendandatho. Donsa umthamo wesilinda. Ukufafaza kwe-molybdenum eringini yepiston kunokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu nokugqoka kwe-fusion. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngoba ungqimba lwe-molybdenum olufafaziwe luyi-porous oil storage structure coating; ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo yokuncibilika ye-molybdenum iphakeme kakhulu (2630°C), futhi isengasebenza ngempumelelo ngaphansi kokungqubuzana okomile. Kulokhu, indandatho efafazwe nge-molybdenum inokumelana okuphezulu kokushisela kunendandatho ene-chrome-plated. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana nokugqokwa kwendandatho ye-molybdenum spray kubi kakhulu kunendandatho ene-chrome-plated. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zendandatho ye-molybdenum spray ziphakeme futhi amandla esakhiwo kunzima ukuzinza. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi ukufafaza kwe-molybdenum kuyadingeka, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-chrome plating.
Thuthukisa ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kokugijima kokuqala. Lolu hlobo lokwelapha okungaphezulu ukumboza ingaphezulu lendandatho yepiston ngongqimba lwempahla ethambile ethambile futhi enwebekayo ethambile, ukuze indandatho nengxenye ephumayo yokuxhumana kwe-cylinder liner futhi kusheshiswe ukuguga, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyezwe isikhathi sokugijima. nokwenza iringi ingene esimweni sokusebenza esizinzile. . Ukwelashwa kwe-Phosphating okwamanje kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ifilimu ye-phosphating enokwakheka okuthambile futhi okulula ukuyigqoka yakhiwa ebusweni bendandatho ye-piston. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-phosphating kudinga imishini elula, ukusebenza okulula, izindleko eziphansi, nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kuvame ukusetshenziswa kunqubo ye-piston ring yezinjini ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwe-tin plating kanye ne-oxidation nakho kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuqala.
Ekwelapheni okungaphezulu kwamasongo e-piston, i-chromium plating kanye nokufuthwa kwe-molybdenum yizindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukwengeza, kuye ngohlobo lwenjini, ukwakheka, ukusetshenziswa nezimo zokusebenza, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezulu nazo ziyasetshenziswa, njengokwelashwa kwe-nitriding ethambile, ukwelashwa kwe-vulcanization, nokugcwaliswa kwe-ferroferric oxide.