Ngokujwayelekile, ubuso nobuso bendandatho yokuqala bufakwe nge-chrome, kanti ezinye izindandatho zepiston nazo zingafakwa nge-chrome. Amasongo amakhulu enjini kadizili yasolwandle awana-chrome-plated, kanti amacylinder liners afakwe nge-chrome. Njengamanje, indandatho ye-piston eyinhlanganisela ye-chrome-ceramic yenziwe, futhi ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi inani eligqokile lingaphansi kwengxenye yeringi yepiston ene-chrome, futhi inani eligqokwayo le-cylinder liner elihambisana nalo liyancipha.

Isendlalelo esifuthwe se-Molybdenum sinokumelana kangcono nokugqokwa, ukukopishwa kanye nokumelana nesilinda esiqinile kune-chrome plating. I-Chrome-plated steel cylinder liner kanye neringi yepiston efafazwe nge-molybdenum kungakha ipheya elihle lokungqubuzana.

Izendlalelo eziqinile ezivame ukusetshenziswa zamasongo e-piston yi-aluminium oxide, i-titanium oxide ne-chromium oxide, ikakhulukazi i-aluminium titanate enamathela.

Indlela yokufakelwa kwe-ion ihlanganisa izakhi zamakhemikhali ezikhethiwe zibe yinqwaba ku-cylinder liner nasezindaweni zepiston. Isendlalelo se-ion esijovwe sihlanganiswe nengaphezulu le-cylinder liner kanye neringi ye-piston, futhi sinomthelela omncane ekuqineni kwendawo kanye nokunemba kobukhulu. Kukhona ikakhulukazi i-plasma Plating TiN diffusion layer, surface ion plating CrN ifilimu eqinile, i-ion carburizing yomhlaba engavamile njalonjalo. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ukucisha nokuthambisa indandatho ye-piston bese kuthi i-nitriding ebusweni bama-ion omhlaba angavamile kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqokwa kweringi ye-piston futhi kwelule kakhulu impilo yayo yesevisi.

Ukwelashwa kokugcotshwa okungaphezulu ukwenza ngamakhemikhali ifilimu ehlanganisiwe yensimbi phezu kwensimbi, insimbi kanye nezinto zokusansimbi eziyimpushana ukuze idlale indima yokuzithambisa. Kukhona ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kwefilimu yokwelashwa kwe-steam phosphating kanye nokwakheka kwefilimu yokwelashwa kwe-alkaline oxidation, esetshenziselwa ukucwiliswa kwamasongo e-piston nama-cylinder liners ezinjini ezincane ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitriding ewuketshezi kanye ne-nitriding ethambile nayo ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kwama-cylinder cylinder liners.

Ukumelana nokugqoka kwe-friction pair kuthintwa yizici ezihlukahlukene, ngakho-ke indawo engaphezulu iya ngokuya iphathwa ngokumelana nokugqoka okuningi. Isibonelo: isixazululo somlilo nesibabule, ukucisha i-carburizing kanye ne-sulfurizing, i-nitriding ethambile ne-sulfurizing, i-nitroxide kanye nenhlanganisela ye-chrome plating nesifutho se-molybdenum.