Wazini nge-bearing?

Izici zokunyakaza
Lapho i-plain bearing isebenza, ifilimu encane yamafutha iyadingeka phakathi kwesihlahla esithwalayo kanye ne-shaft ejikelezayo ukuze uyigcobe. Uma i-lubrication impofu, kukhona ukungqubuzana okuqondile phakathi kwe-bearing and shaft, futhi ukungqubuzana kuzoveza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu, nakuba ukuthwala kwenziwa ngezinto ezikhethekile ze-alloy high-temperature, kodwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elikhiqizwa ukungqubuzana okuqondile namanje. ngokwanele ukuyishisa. Igobolondo elithwalayo lingase lishise ngenxa yomthwalo omkhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukungcola emafutheni okugcoba noma i-viscosity engavamile nezinye izici. Ukushelela konakale ngemuva kokushiswa kwethayela.

I-bearing machining yasehlathini
Isihlahla esithwala izindonga eziwugqinsi singaphonswa, futhi ungqimba lwe-bearing alloy (olubizwa ngokuthi i-bearing liner) lungathululwa endaweni engaphakathi yesihlahla esithwalayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokungqubuzana. Ukuze wenze i-alloy ephethe kanye negobolondo elithwalayo linamathisele kahle, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-mortise, groove noma intambo zivame ukwenziwa endaweni yangaphakathi yegobolondo elithwala. Ukuthwala udonga oluzacile kungenziwa ngobuningi ngokugoqeka okuqhubekayo kwamapuleti e-bimetal.
I-powder metallurgy ukuxutshwa kwezinto eziyisisekelo njengensimbi noma ithusi efomini eliyimpushana negraphite, bese ucindezela bese wenza i-sintering. Izimbotshana zayo zingagcina amafutha okugcoba, abizwa ngokuthi i-oil bear.
I-bearing bush material ngokuvamile ithambile, isilinda esingaphakathi akufanele sicutshungulwe ngendlela yokugaya, ingacutshungulwa ngendlela eyisicefe, edayimane, ekhuhla noma yokugaya. Indlela yokugaya akufanele isetshenziselwe ukufanisa ububanzi be-shaft, kodwa kufanele isebenzise induku ekhethekile yokudonsa enobukhulu obufanayo nembobo yokuthwala. I-scraping isetshenziselwa kakhulu ama-tile bearings, ane-blade scraper ebanzi. Lapho ukunwaya ngesandla, ukuklwebha kufanele kube kungashoni. Isihlahla esinesihlahla esinomumo oyinkimbinkimbi wangaphakathi kufanele sisebenzise indlela ekhethekile yokuyisicefe ngokuya ngesimo esithile.

Izinto ezithwalayo zibonakala nge-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana, amandla anele okukhathala, ukusebenza kahle kokugijima kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Izinto ezithwalayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ingxubevange (i-Babbitt), ingxubevange yethusi, i-powder metallurgy nensimbi empunga nensimbi engagugi.
Izinto zokutshala ezingagcotshisiwe ziyi-polymer, i-carbon graphite kanye ne-ceramics ekhethekile izigaba ezintathu.
i-polymer
I-Polymer yaziwa nangokuthi i-organic polymer materials, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-phenolic resin, inayiloni, i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nokunye. Ama-bearings angagcotshisiwe enziwe ngamapulasitiki (afana ne-PTFE) angamelana nama-asidi aqinile nama-alkali abuthakathaka, futhi abe nokushumeka okuhle, okulwa nokungqubuzana nokumelana nokugqoka. Ishidi le-polytetrafluoroethylene ligxivizwe ku-lip seal ring, isihlahla esithwalayo, indandatho ye-piston kanye ne-gasket, njll., esetshenziswa ku-conveyor webhande, umshini wokubhala, umshini wokuthunga, i-record player turntable, iphampu yamanzi, imishini yendwangu kanye nemishini yezolimo.
I-polymer inezici zesisindo esilula, ukufakwa kwe-insulation, ukulwa nokungqubuzana, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukuzigcoba, ukumelana nokugqwala, inqubo elula yokubumba nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zensimbi, izakhiwo zazo ze-tribological zizwela ukushisa okuzungezile kanye nomswakama, futhi izici ezihlobene ne-viscoelasticity zibalulekile, ngakho-ke igebe phakathi kwesihlahla esithwalayo kanye nephephabhuku likhulu. Futhi ngenxa yamandla ayo okusebenza aphansi, imodulus encane enwebekayo, ukumuncwa kabi kwamafutha okugcoba, futhi kukhawule isivinini sokusebenza kanye nenani lokucindezela kwe-bearing.
i-carbon-graphite
I-Carbon-graphite bearing ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Ukuqukethwe kwe-graphite okwengeziwe, izinto ezithambile ziba ncane, i-coefficient ye-friction encane.
I-Carbon graphite ngokuvamile inokuguquguquka okuhle kukagesi, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokugqokwa, ukuzigcoba, ukuzinza okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuqinile, ukuguquguquka okushisayo okuphezulu kune-polymer, kanye ne-coefficient encane yokunwetshwa komugqa. Isici sokushayisana nezinga lokuguga elinendawo efakwe i-chrome liphansi kakhulu ezimweni zokushisa komoya kanye negumbi. Izakhiwo zayo zokuzimanzisa kanye ne-antifriction zincike enanini lomhwamuko okhangiswayo, kodwa uzolahlekelwa ukuthambisa ngomswakama ophansi kakhulu. Ukumelana nokugqokwa kwe-carbon graphite kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa i-abrasion resistant coating. I-Carbon-graphite nayo ingasetshenziswa njengento ethwala amanzi egcotshwe ngamanzi.
I-graphite ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa nje njengento yokuthambisa eqinile, ingafakwa ku-resin, insimbi, i-ceramics nezinye izinto, ikhulise i-anti-friction yalezi zinto, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile njengento yokuhlanganisa i-friction, njengokwenza iphepha, ukucutshungulwa kwezinkuni, izindwangu, ukudla nezinye izindawo zokuthwala uwoyela, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lama-bearings angenalutho, izindandatho zokuvala, izindandatho ze-piston, ama-scrapers nokunye. Uphawu olumele "ikilasi" lwezinto ze-carbon-graphite zobunjiniyela bemishini ngu-M, futhi kukhona uchungechunge olune: izinto ze-carbon-graphite, izinto ze-electrochemical graphite, izinto ze-resin carbon composite nezinto ze-graphite zensimbi.
i-ceramic
I-Ceramics ingamaminerali emvelo angewona ezensimbi noma izinhlanganisela zokwenziwa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ngokugaya, ukwakha kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-sintering, okwakhiwe ngamakristalu amancane angenayo i-metallic kanye nesigaba sengilazi sezinto ezingezona ezensimbi. Izitsha zobumba zendabuko zenziwe ngamaminerali emvelo angewona awensimbi, njengobumba, i-feldspar, i-quartz, njll. Izitsha zobumba ezikhethekile zenziwe ngezinhlanganisela zokwenziwa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe. Izitsha zobumba ezisetshenziswa kubunjiniyela bemishini ngokuvamile ziyi-ceramics ekhethekile eyenziwe nge-alumina, i-magnesium oxide, i-zirconia, i-lead oxide, i-titanium oxide, i-silicon carbide, i-boron carbide, i-silicon nitride, i-boron nitride nezinye izinhlanganisela zokwenziwa.
Izakhiwo ze-ceramics zinqunywa kakhulu yi-microstructure yazo, okuhlanganisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu nokusatshalaliswa, ukwakheka nokuqukethwe kwesigaba sengilazi, kanye nemvelo, okuqukethwe nokusatshalaliswa kokungcola. I-microstructure inqunywa izinto ezingavuthiwe, ukwakheka kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Izici ezivamile ze-ceramics ziwubulukhuni obukhulu namandla okucindezela, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana ne-oxidation, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukubola, ukumelana nomthelela kanye nokungaduki.
I-Ceramic iwuhlobo olusha lwezinto ezithwalayo ngaphandle kokugcoba, ikakhulukazi i-SiC ne-Si3N4, amandla abo, ukumelana nokushisa nokumelana nokugqwala kuhle kakhulu, izakhiwo ze-tribological nazo zinhle kakhulu.