Umkhumbi weziqukathi, owaziwa nangokuthi "umkhumbi wesitsha.".Ngomqondo obanzi, ubhekisela emikhunjini engasetshenziswa ukulayisha iziqukathi ezijwayelekile zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngomqondo omncane, kubhekiselwa kuyo yonke imikhumbi yeziqukathi enawo wonke amakhabethe namadekhi asetshenziselwa ukulayisha iziqukathi kuphela.
1. Isizukulwane
Ngawo-1960, imikhumbi ye-17000-20000 ye-gross ton container yonka iPacific ne-Atlantic Ocean yayikwazi ukuthwala i-700-1000TEU, okuyisizukulwane semikhumbi yamabhokisi.
2. Isizukulwane sesibili
Ngawo-1970, inani lemikhumbi ye-container eyi-40000-50000 ye-gross ton container lenyuka laya ku-1800-2000TEU, futhi ijubane liphinde lenyuka lisuka ku-23 laya ku-26-27 knots. Imikhumbi yamakhonteyina yalesi sikhathi yaziwa ngokuthi isizukulwane sesibili.
3. Izizukulwane ezintathu
Kusukela kunenkinga kawoyela ngo-1973, isizukulwane sesibili semikhumbi yesitsha sithathwa njengommeleli wohlobo olungenamnotho, ngakho sathathelwa indawo isizukulwane sesithathu semikhumbi yesitsha, ijubane lalesi sizukulwane somkhumbi lehla laba amafindo angama-20-22, kodwa ngenxa ukwandisa usayizi wesikebhe, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha, inani leziqukathi lifinyelele ku-3000TEU, ngakho-ke, isizukulwane sesithathu somkhumbi sisebenza kahle futhi sinamandla kakhudlwana umkhumbi.
4. Izizukulwane ezine
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, isivinini semikhumbi yamabhokisi saphinde sandiswa, futhi ubukhulu bemikhumbi yamabhokisi banqunywa ukuthi budlule ePanama Canal. Imikhumbi yamakhonteyina kulesi sikhathi yayibizwa ngokuthi isizukulwane sesine.Inani eliphelele lamakhonteyina alayishwe emikhunjini yamabhokisi esizukulwane sesine lenyusiwe lafinyelela ku-4,400. Inkampani yemikhumbi e-agent yaseChengdu ithole ukuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwensimbi enamandla amakhulu, isisindo umkhumbi wehliswe ngo-25%. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini ye-diesel enamandla kakhulu kwanciphisa kakhulu izindleko zikaphethiloli, nenani labasebenzi lancipha, nomnotho wemikhumbi yamabhokisi wathuthukiswa nakakhulu.
5, Izizukulwane ezinhlanu
Iziqukathi ezinhlanu ze-APLC-10 ezakhiwe yimikhumbi yemikhumbi yaseJalimane zingathwala i-4800TEU. Isilinganiso sikakaputeni / sobubanzi bomkhumbi walo mkhumbi wamabhokisi si-7 kuya ku-8, okwandisa amandla omkhumbi futhi ubizwa ngokuthi umkhumbi wamabhokisi wesizukulwane sesihlanu.
6. Izizukulwane eziyisithupha
Kwakhiwe iRehina Maersk eyisithupha, eyaqedwa entwasahlobo ka-1996 enezi-8,000 T E U, okuphawula isizukulwane sesithupha semikhumbi yamabhokisi.
7. Izizukulwane eziyisikhombisa
Ngekhulu lama-21, umkhumbi we-13,640 T E U wamabhokisi angaphezu kuka-10,000 owakhiwe yi-Odense Shipyard futhi wasetshenziswa umelela ukuzalwa kwesizukulwane sesikhombisa semikhumbi yamabhokisi.
8. Izizukulwane eziyisishiyagalombili
NgoFebhuwari 2011, iMaersk Line ya-oda imikhumbi eyi-10 emikhulu yamabhokisi enezi-18,000 T E U eDaewoo Shipbuilding, eSouth Korea, okuphinde kwaphawula ukuvela kwesizukulwane sesishiyagalombili semikhumbi yamabhokisi.
Ukuthambekela kwemikhumbi emikhulu bekungenakuvinjwa, futhi umthamo wokulayisha wemikhumbi yamabhokisi ubulokhu ugqobhoza. Ngo-2017, i-Dafei Group yayala imikhumbi engu-923000TEU yemikhumbi emikhulu kaphethiloli ephindwe kabili e-China State Shipbuilding Group. Umkhumbi weziqukathi othi "Ever Ace", oqhutshwa yinkampani yokuthumela i-Evergreen, uyingxenye yochungechunge lwemikhumbi eyisithupha ye-T E U ye-24,000. indima ebalulekile ekusatshalalisweni kwezimpahla emhlabeni wonke, ukwenza lula ukuthengwa kwezimpahla ezilwandle kanye amazwekazi.
Ulwazi olungenhla lutholakala ku-inthanethi.
