『Injini yokujikeleza』
2021-08-27
I-injini esihlala siyibona ikwimo yepiston ebuyisela intshukumo, oko kukuthi, ipiston yenza intshukumo ebuyelayo yomgca kwicylinder, kwaye intshukumo yomgca yepiston iguqulwa ibe kukujikeleza kwe crankshaft kwi crankshaft, ngelixa irotary. I-injini ayinayo le nkqubo yokuguqulwa, idlula ngepiston. yi, i-crankshaft ye-injini eqhelekileyo, ngenxa yokuba ayigobekanga, ayisabizwa ngokuba yi-crankshaft), ngoko kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini.
A. I-stroke yokuthatha: Inkqubo yokunyakaza kwepiston ukusuka kwiziko eliphezulu elifileyo ukuya kwiziko elisezantsi libizwa ngokuba yi-intake stroke (i-crankshaft rotation angle 0 ~ 180 °). Ngesi sifo, ivalve yokungena iyavuleka, ivalve yokukhupha iyavala, kwaye igumbi lomoya linxibelelana nomoya. Uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric yenza umxube we-oyile kunye negesi ungene, kwaye uxinzelelo kwi-cylinder malunga ne-0.075 ~ 0.09MPa ekupheleni kokuthatha.
B.I-stroke yokunyanzeliswa: Inkqubo yokunyakaza kwepiston ukusuka kwiziko elisezantsi elifile ukuya kwiziko eliphezulu elifile libizwa ngokuba yi-compression stroke (i-crankshaft rotation angle yi-180 ° ~ 360 °). Kule stroke, i-valve yokungena kunye ne-exhaust ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye i-oyile kunye noxinzelelo lomxube wegesi kwigumbi lomoya liyenyuka ngokuthe ngcembe. Uxinzelelo kwigumbi lomoya ekupheleni koxinzelelo loxinzelelo malunga ne-0.6 ukuya kwi-1.2 MPa.
I-C.Power stroke: Inkqubo yokunyakaza kwepiston ukusuka kwiziko eliphezulu elifileyo ukuya kwiziko elisezantsi elifile libizwa ngokuba yi-stroke yamandla (i-crankshaft rotation angle 360 ° ~ 540 °). Kule stroke, iivalvu zokungena kunye ne-exhaust zivalwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye iplagi yentlantsi iyatsiba xa ipiston ikwindawo ephezulu kumbindi ofileyo. Umlilo uphemba umxube we-oyile kunye negesi ukwenza ukuba uxinzelelo kwisilinda lunyuke ngokukhawuleza (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3 ~ 5MPa), tyhala ipiston ukuba iye ngase crankshaft, uxinzelelo lwehla kancinci, kwaye uxinzelelo olukwigumbi lomoya lumalunga ne-0.3 ~ I-0.5MPa ekupheleni kwe-stroke yamandla.
D.I-Exhaust stroke: Inkqubo yokunyakaza kwepiston ukusuka kwiziko elisezantsi elifile ukuya kwiziko eliphezulu elifile libizwa ngokuba yi-exhaust stroke (i-crankshaft rotation angle 540 ° ~ 720 °). Kule ntsimbi, ivalve yokungena ivaliwe, ivalve yokukhupha iyavulwa, kwaye ipiston ihambela phezulu ukuze ityhale ukutsha. Igesi yokukhupha ikhutshwa kwigumbi lomoya, kwaye uxinzelelo lomoya kwigumbi lomoya limalunga ne-0.105 ~ 0.115 MPa ekupheleni kokubetha. Ukuphela kwe-stroke kukwaphawula ukuphela komjikelo wokusebenza we-injini.
Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa ukuthelekiswa kwe-stroke nganye ye-injini ejikelezayo kunye ne-injini ehambelanayo (icala lasekhohlo leemingxuma ezimbini zomoya emfanekisweni kukungena kunye necala lokunene liyi-exhaust). I-injini ye-rotary iyafana ne-injini ye-4-stroke ephindaphindayo. Ukunyanzeliswa, umsebenzi, kunye nokuphuma kuhlanganiswe yimivumbo emine. Umgodi wokusebenza (i-BC umgodi wokusebenza) owenziwe phakathi kwendawo egobileyo ye-BC ye-rotor engunxantathu kunye neprofayili yesilinda ithathwa njengomzekelo ukubonisa umgaqo-nkqubo wokusebenza we-stroke we-injini ejikelezayo.
I-stroke yokungena: Xa ikona ye-C ye-rotor engunxantathu ijika kwicala lasekunene lomngxuma wokungena, igumbi elisebenzayo le-BC liqala ukungena emoyeni. Kwisikhundla a, imingxuma yokungena kunye nokukhupha idibene, kwaye ukungena kunye nokukhupha kuyahambelana. Lo ngowona mthamo uncinci we-BC yegumbi lokusebenza, elilingana nendawo ephezulu efileyo ye-injini yokubuyisela. Njengoko i-rotor iqhubeka nokujikeleza, umthamo wegumbi lokusebenza le-BC ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye umxube ovuthayo uqhubeka ufunxwa kwi-cylinder. Xa i-rotor ijikeleza i-90 ° (i-shaft engundoqo ijikeleza i-270 °, umlinganiselo we-rotor ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu se-shaft kwi-injini ye-rotary yi-1: 3, egqitywe yi-meshing gears) ifikelela kwindawo b, umthamo we-BC igumbi elisebenzayo lifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, elilingana nenxalenye engezantsi ye-injini yokubuyisela Kwindawo efileyo, i-stroke yokuthatha iphela.
I-compression stroke: Njengoko i-rotor engunxantathu iqhubeka nokujikeleza, ikona ephezulu ye-B inqumla umgca wekhohlo we-inlet inlet, kwaye i-stroke yokunyanzeliswa iqala, umthamo wegumbi lokusebenza le-BC liyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye uxinzelelo luba lukhulu kwaye lube lukhulu. Xa ifika kwindawo c, i-rotor ijikeleza i-180 ° (I-shaft ephambili ijikeleza i-540 °), i-BC yegumbi lokusebenza ivolumu ifikelela kwinqanaba elincinci, elilingana nesikhundla esiphezulu se-dead center ye-injini yokubuyisela, kunye ne-compression stroke iphela.
I-stroke yomsebenzi: Ekupheleni koxinzelelo loxinzelelo, i-spark plug iyadanyaza, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegesi lutyhala i-piston engunxantathu ukuba iqhubeke nokujikeleza, kwaye umthamo wegumbi lokusebenza le-BC liyenyuka ngokuthe ngcembe. Xa ikona C ifikelela kumda wasekunene womngxuma wokukhupha, kwisikhundla d, i-rotor ijikeleza i-270 ° (i-spindle rotation 810 °), umthamo wegumbi lokusebenza le-BC lifikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, elilingana nendawo esezantsi efileyo. i-injini ephindaphindayo, kwaye i-stroke yamandla iyaphela.
I-Exhaust stroke: xa i-angle ye-rotor engunxantathu ijika kwicala lasekunene lomngxuma wokukhupha, i-exhaust stroke iqala, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-rotor engunxantathu ibuyela kwindawo a, i-exhaust stroke iphelile, i-rotor ijikeleza i-360 ° (i-shaft engundoqo ijikeleza ezintathu. amaxesha), kunye nomsebenzi omnye Umjikelo uyaphela. Kwangaxeshanye, umgodi wokusebenza we-CA kunye nomgodi wokusebenza we-AB nawo ugqibezela umjikelo wokusebenza ngokulandelelanayo.
● Ukuthelekiswa kokwakheka kwenjini:
Injini yeRotary: iqela lomzimba, uloliwe wevalvu, inkqubo yokubonelela, inkqubo yokutshisa, inkqubo yokupholisa, inkqubo yokuthambisa, inkqubo yokuqala
Injini yepiston ephindaphindayo: iseti yomzimba, isixhobo sokudibanisa intonga, uloliwe wevalvu, inkqubo yokubonelela, inkqubo yokutshisa, inkqubo yokupholisa, inkqubo yokuthambisa, inkqubo yokuqalisa.
● Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo zezi njini zimbini:
◆ Injini yokubuyisela:
inzuzo:
1. Iteknoloji yokuvelisa ikhulile. Sele yazalwa iminyaka engaphezu kwe-120. Iiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo. Yeyona injini yokutsha yangaphakathi esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi kwaye ineendleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa nokulungisa.
2. Umsebenzi othembekileyo, ukuqina komoya okulungileyo kunye nokuthembeka kokuhanjiswa kwamandla.
3. Uqoqosho oluhle lwamafutha.
ukusilela:
1. Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, umthamo omkhulu kunye nobunzima obunzima.
2. Ukubuyisela amandla angenayo kunye nomzuzu we-inertial obangelwa ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiweyo kwepiston kwindlela yokudibanisa i-crank intonga ayinakulungelelaniswa ngokupheleleyo. Ubukhulu balo mandla angasebenziyo bulingana nesikwere sesantya, esinciphisa ukuguda kwe-injini esebenzayo kwaye ithintela uphuhliso lweenjini zesantya esiphezulu.
3. Njengoko imo yokusebenza ye-injini ye-piston ene-stroke ephindaphindayo kukuba imivumbo emithathu kwezine ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-flywheel inertia rotation, amandla kunye ne-torque output ye-injini azilingani kakhulu, nangona ii-injini zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-multi-cylinder kunye ne-V. Amalungiselelo amile. Ukunciphisa le ntsilelo, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuyiphelisa ngokupheleleyo.
◆ Injini yokujikeleza:
inzuzo:
1. Ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nobunzima obulula, kulula ukuthoba iziko lomxhuzulane wesithuthi. Ekubeni i-injini ye-rotary ingenayo i-crank rod mechanism, ukuphakama kwe-injini kuncitshiswe kakhulu, kwaye umbindi womxhuzulane wesithuthi uthotywa ngaxeshanye.
2. Isakhiwo esilula. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-injini ye-piston ephindaphindayo, i-injini ejikelezayo iyayinciphisa intonga yokudibanisa i-crank, ekhokelela kwindlela eyenziwe lula kakhulu ye-injini kunye namalungu ambalwa.
3. Iimpawu zetorque ezifanayo. Ekubeni i-cylinder enye ye-injini ye-rotary inamagumbi amathathu okusebenza ngexesha elinye, i-torque ye-torque ifana kakhulu kune-injini yepiston ephindaphindayo.
4. Ukulungelelaniswa nokuphuhliswa kweenjini ezikhawulezayo, kuba i-piston rotor kunye nesantya esiphezulu se-shaft yi-1: 3, isantya esiphezulu se-piston asifunwa ukufezekisa isantya esiphezulu se-injini.
ukusilela:
1. Ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kuphezulu, kwaye ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kunzima ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho. Ngenxa yokuba i-cylinder nganye inamagumbi amathathu okusebenza, i-revolution nganye ye-piston rotor ilingana nemivimbo yamandla amathathu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-3000rpm kunye ne-injini ye-piston ephindaphindayo, i-injini ye-piston ephindaphindayo itshiza amaxesha angama-750/min, kunye ne-injini ejikelezayo ilingana nesantya se-1000rpm, kodwa idinga amaxesha angama-3000 / min. Kuyabonakala ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha enjini yerotary kuphezulu kakhulu kunoko kwenjini yepiston ebuyelayo. Ngelo xesha, imilo yegumbi lokutsha le-injini ye-rotary ayihambisani nokutsha okupheleleyo komxube otshayo, indlela yokusabalalisa i-flame inde, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweoli ye-fuel kukhulu. Ngelo xesha, umxholo ongcolileyo kwigesi yokukhupha uphezulu.
2. Ngenxa yobume be-injini, luhlobo lokukhanyisa kuphela olunokusetyenziswa endaweni yohlobo lokucima ukunyanzeliswa, oko kukuthi, i-petroli kuphela enokusetyenziswa njengamafutha endaweni ye-diesel.
3. Ngenxa yokuba i-injini ye-rotary isebenzisa ishaft eccentric, injini ingcangcazela kakhulu.
4. Isikhundla esiphezulu se-shaft yokuphuma kwamandla (i-spindle) ayihambisani nokwakheka kwesithuthi sonke.
5. I-teknoloji yokucubungula kunye nokuveliswa kwe-injini ye-rotary iphezulu, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.
