Xa silungisa injini yemoto, into ethi "ukuvuza okuthathu" (ukuvuza kwamanzi, ukuvuza kweoli kunye nokuvuza komoya) yeyona nto ibuhlungu kakhulu kubasebenzi bolondolozo. "Ukuvuza okuthathu" kunokubonakala kuqhelekileyo, kodwa kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwemoto kunye nokucoceka kokubonakala kwenjini yemoto. Ingaba "ukuvuza okuthathu" kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ze-injini kunokulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngumba obalulekileyo ekufuneka abasebenzi bolondolozo bewuqwalasele.

1 Iindidi zeenjini zokutywinwa kunye nokukhethwa kwazo

Umgangatho wezinto zokutywinwa kwe-injini kunye nokukhetha kwayo okuchanekileyo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokusebenza kwesitywina se-injini.

① Igasket yebhodi yeCork
I-Corkboard gaskets icinezelwe kwi-granular cork kunye ne-binder efanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa i-oyile epanini, i-side cover yebhatyi yamanzi, i-outlet yamanzi, i-thermostat yezindlu, impompo yamanzi kunye ne-valve cover, njl njl. Ekusetyenzisweni, i-gaskets enjalo ayisekho ukhetho olukhethiweyo kwiimoto zanamhlanje ngenxa yokuba iibhodi ze-cork zophuka ngokulula kwaye Akunzima ukuyifaka, kodwa zisenokusetyenziswa njengendawo ebambeleyo.

② Igasket yeplate yeasbestos yegasket
Ibhodi ye-asbestos ye-Liner yinto efana neplate eyenziwe nge-asbestos fiber kunye ne-adhesive material, eneempawu zokumelana nokushisa, ukumelana noxinzelelo, ukuchasana kweoli, kunye nokungabikho kokuguqulwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwii-carburetors, iimpompo zepetroli, izihlungi zeoyile, izindlu zezixhobo zexesha, njl.

③ Iphedi yerabha enganyangekiyo kwi-oyile
Imethi yerabha enganyangekiyo kwioli yenziwa ikakhulu ngerabha ye-nitrile kunye nerabha yendalo, kunye nesilika yeasbestos yongezwa. Ihlala isetyenziswa njenge gasket ebunjiweyo yokutywinwa kweenjini zemoto, ikakhulu esetyenziselwa iipani zeoyile, izigqubuthelo zevalvu, izindlu zegiya zexesha kunye nezihluzi zomoya.

④ Igasket ekhethekileyo
a. Izitywina zeoyile zangaphambili nangasemva zecrankshaft zidla ngokuba ziindawo ezikhethekileyo eziqhelekileyo. Uninzi lwazo lusebenzisa izitywina zeoyile yerabha yamathambo. Xa ufaka, nikela ingqalelo kwisikhokelo sayo. Ukuba akukho phawu lweleyibhile, umlebe onedayamitha encinci yangaphakathi yesitywina se-oyile kufuneka ufakwe ujonge enjini.
b. I-cylinder liner ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi okanye i-asbestos yobhedu. Okwangoku, uninzi lweegasket ze-cylinder ze-injini yemoto zisebenzisa i-gaskets edibeneyo, oko kukuthi, umaleko wesinyithi wangaphakathi wongezwa embindini womgangatho we-asbestos ukuphucula ukuqina kwayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuchasana kwe-"washout" ye-cylinder head gasket kuphuculwe. Ukufakwa kwe-cylinder liner kufuneka kuhlawule ingqalelo kwindlela yayo. Ukuba kukho uphawu lwendibano "TOP", kufuneka ijonge phezulu; ukuba akukho phawu lwendibano, umphezulu ogudileyo we-cylinder head gasket of the general cast iron cylinder block kufuneka ujongane nebhloko yesilinda, ngelixa i-cylinder ye-aluminiyam ialloy cylinder block kufuneka ijonge phezulu. Icala eligudileyo le-gasket kufuneka lijongane nentloko ye-cylinder.
c. I-gaskets yokungena kunye nokukhupha izinto ezininzi zenziwe ngentsimbi okanye ubhedu olugqunywe ngeasbestos. Xa ufaka, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba i-curled surface (oko kukuthi, indawo engabonakaliyo) ijongene nomzimba we-cylinder.
d. Isitywina esikwicala le-cap yokugqibela ye-crankshaft ivamise ukutywinwa ngobuchule obuthambileyo okanye i-bamboo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kungekho qhekeza elinjalo, intambo ye-asbestos efakwe kwioli yokuthambisa inokusetyenziswa kwakhona endaweni yoko, kodwa xa igcwalisa, intambo ye-asbestos kufuneka iqhekezwe ngompu okhethekileyo ukukhusela ukuvuza kweoli.
e. I-spark plug kunye ne-exhaust pipe interface ye-gasket kufuneka itshintshwe nge-gasket entsha emva kokuchithwa kunye nokudibanisa; indlela yokongeza i-gaskets kabini akufanele yamkelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza komoya. Amava abonakalise ukuba ukusebenza kokutywinwa kweegasket ezimbini kubi.

⑤ Isitywina
I-Sealant luhlobo olutsha lwezinto zokutywina kugcino lweenjini zeemoto zanamhlanje. Ukubonakala kwayo kunye nophuhliso lubonelela ngeemeko ezilungileyo zokuphucula iteknoloji yokutywinwa kunye nokusombulula "ukuvuza okuthathu" kweenjini. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-sealants, ezinokuthi zifakwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemoto. Iinjini zeemoto zihlala zisebenzisa ii-non-bonding (ezaziwa ngokuba yi-liquid gasket) izitywini. Yinto engamanzi e-viscous enekhompawundi ye-polymer njenge-matrix. Emva kokugquma, i-uniform, i-stable kunye ne-adhesive eqhubekayo i-adhesive layer okanye ifilimu e-peelable yenziwe kwindawo edibeneyo yamacandelo, kwaye inokuzalisa ngokupheleleyo ukudakumba kunye nomphezulu womhlaba odibeneyo. kwisithuba. Isitywina sinokusetyenziswa sodwa okanye kudityaniswe neegaskets zabo kwisivalo sevalve ye-injini, ipani yeoli, isigqubuthelo sokuphakamisa ivalvu, njl. njl., kwaye ingasetyenziswa yodwa phantsi kwesigqubuthelo sokugqibela secrankshaft, kunye neeplagi zemingxuma yeoli kunye iiplagi zeoyile. kwaye nangokunjalo.

2 Imiba emininzi ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ekugcinweni kwezitywina ze-injini

① Igasket endala yokutywina ayinakuphinda isetyenziswe
I-gaskets yokutywina ye-injini ifakwe phakathi kweendawo ezimbini. Xa i-gaskets ixinzelelwe, ihambelana nokungalingani kwe-microscopic ebusweni beendawo kwaye idlala indima yokutywina. Ngoko ke, ngalo lonke ixesha injini igcinwa, i-gasket entsha kufuneka itshintshwe, ngaphandle koko, ukuvuza kuya kwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo.

② Umphezulu odibeneyo wamalungu kufuneka ube mcaba kwaye ucoceke
Ngaphambi kokufaka i-gasket entsha, qinisekisa ukuba indawo edibeneyo yenxalenye icocekile kwaye ayinabumdaka, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, khangela ukuba umphezulu wenxalenye ujijekile na, nokuba kukho i-convex hull kwi-screw hole yokudibanisa, njl. ., kwaye kufuneka ilungiswe ukuba kuyimfuneko. Umphumo wokutywinwa we-gasket unokugqitywa ngokupheleleyo xa indawo edibeneyo yamacandelo icwecwe, icocekile kwaye ikhululekile kwi-warping.

③ I-gasket ye-injini kufuneka ibekwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye igcinwe
Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, kufuneka igcinwe ngokupheleleyo kwibhokisi yokuqala, kwaye akufuneki ifakwe ngokungqongqo ukuba igobe kwaye idibanise, kwaye akufanele ixhonywe kwiigwegwe.

④ Zonke iintambo zokudibanisa kufuneka zicoceke kwaye zingonakali
Ukungcola kwimicu yeebholithi okanye imingxuma ye-screw kufuneka isuswe ngokuxutywa okanye ukucofa; ukungcola okuphantsi kwemingxuma ye-screw kufuneka kususwe ngempompo kunye nomoya oxinyiweyo; imicu kwi-aluminium alloy cylinder head okanye i-cylinder body kufuneka izaliswe i-sealant , ukukhusela igesi ukuba ingene kwijacket yamanzi.

⑤ Indlela yokuqinisa kufuneka ibe nengqiqo
Kwindawo edibeneyo edityaniswe ngamabholiti amaninzi, ibholiti enye okanye i-nut ayifanele ikrwelwe kwindawo ngexesha elinye, kodwa kufuneka iqiniswe amaxesha amaninzi ukuthintela ukuguqulwa kwamacandelo ekuchaphazeleni ukusebenza kokutywinwa. Iibholiti kunye namantongomane kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezidibeneyo kufuneka ziqiniswe ngokomyalelo ochaziweyo kunye nokuqinisa i-torque.
a. Ukulandelelana kokuqina kwentloko ye-cylinder kufuneka ichaneke. Xa uqinisa iibholiti zentloko ye-cylinder, kufuneka yandiswe ngokulinganayo ukusuka embindini ukuya kumacala amane, okanye ngokuhambelana netshati yokulandelelanisa yokuqinisa enikwe ngumenzi.
b. Indlela yokuqinisa i-cylinder head bolts kufuneka ichaneke. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, i-bolt yokuqinisa ixabiso le-torque kufuneka iqiniswe kwixabiso elichaziweyo ngamaxesha angama-3, kunye nokusabalalisa i-torque ngamaxesha e-3 yi-1/4, 1/2 kunye nexabiso le-torque elichaziweyo. Iibhotshi zentloko ze-cylinder ezineemfuno ezizodwa ziya kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yomenzi. Ngokomzekelo, i-Hongqi CA 7200 sedan idinga ixabiso le-torque ye-61N · m okokuqala, 88N · m okwesibini, kunye nokujikeleza kwe-90 ° okwesithathu.
c. Intloko ye-aluminiyam ye-cylinder ye-cylinder, ekubeni i-coefficient yayo yokwandisa inkulu kuneebholiti, iibholiti kufuneka ziqiniswe kwindawo ebandayo. Iibholiti zentloko ye-cylinder yentsimbi kufuneka ziqiniswe kabini, oko kukuthi, emva kokuba imoto ebandayo iqiniswe, kwaye injini iyafudumala kwaye igxininiswe kube kanye.
d. I-oyile ye-pan screw kufuneka ixhotyiswe nge-washer flat, kwaye i-spring washer akufanele idibane ngqo ne-oyile. Xa uqinisa i-screw, kufuneka iqiniswe ngokulinganayo ngamaxesha angama-2 ukusuka phakathi ukuya kwiziphelo ezimbini, kwaye i-torque yokuqinisa ngokubanzi i-2ON · m-3ON · m. I-torque egqithisileyo iya kuphazamisa i-oyile kwaye yonakalise ukusebenza kokutywinwa.

⑥ Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwesitywina
a. Yonke iplagi ye-oyile yeplagi ye-oyile yoxinzelelo lwe-oyile kunye ne-oyile ye-alam ye-alam ye-oyile edibeneyo edibeneyo kufuneka igqunywe nge-sealant ngexesha lofakelo.
b. I-gaskets yebhodi ye-cork akufanele ifakwe nge-sealant, ngaphandle koko ii-gaskets zebhodi ezithambileyo ziya konakala lula; ii-sealants akufanele zifakwe kwi-cylinder gaskets, ukungena kunye nokukhupha ii-gaskets ezininzi, i-spark plug gaskets, i-carburetor gaskets, njl.
c. Xa usebenzisa i-sealant, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokulinganayo kwicala elithile, kwaye akufanele kubekho ukuphulwa kweglue phakathi, ngaphandle koko kuya kubakho ukuvuza kwi-glue ephukileyo.
d. Xa utywina iindawo ezimbini kunye ne-sealant yodwa, i-gap ephezulu phakathi kweendawo ezimbini kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi okanye ilingane ne-0.1mm, ngaphandle koko, i-gasket kufuneka yongezwe.

⑦ Emva kokuba zonke iinxalenye zifakelwe kwaye ziphinde zadityaniswa njengoko kufuneka, ukuba kusekho "ukuvuza okuthathu" okwenzekayo, ingxaki ihlala kumgangatho we-gasket ngokwayo.
Ngeli xesha, i-gasket kufuneka iphinde ihlolwe kwaye ithathelwe indawo entsha.

Logama nje izinto zokutywina zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iingxaki ezininzi zokutywinwa ziqwalaselwe, "ukuvuza okuthathu" kwe-injini yemoto kunokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.