--- nguAaron Turpen nge-20-Mar-2015

Ngawantoni amanye amanqaku?

La ngamanqaku angeZantsi naPhezulu (akwabizwa ngokuba Phambi nasemva) amanqaku e-TDC. Siwachaza “njengokunxele” kunye “nokunene” kophawu oluphakathi olubonwa njengoko ujonge umphambili we-injini (apho ibhanti libekwe khona), hayi ngokwengqiqo yemveli ethi “ekhohlo” licala lomqhubi kuba la manqaku angqale injini, hayi imoto.
Amanqaku angezantsi kwe-Top Dead Centre (BTDC) lelinye lingasekhohlo kwaye uphawu lwe-ATDC lelona lingasekunene. Le yimilinganiselo yesidanga kwaye yahluke kancinane ngokuxhomekeke kwinjini ekuthethwa ngayo.
Kwisilinda esiqhelekileyo esine, umzekelo, amanqaku okuqala yi-7.5-degrees phambi kweziko eliphezulu elifile, amanqaku aphakathi yi-TDC, kwaye uphawu ngasekunene luyi-5 degrees emva kweziko eliphezulu elifile. Kwakhona, la manani eqondo anokutshintsha ngokweenjini ekuthethwa ngayo.
Xa uhambisa ixesha lakho ukuba lihambelane nelinye lamanye amanqaku, utshintsha ixesha levalvu yesithuthi. Ukuba kwenziwa ngekonsathi kunye nebhlokhi ye-injini (amanqaku e-crankshaft), oku kunokuvelisa i-RPM ephantsi okanye ephezulu phezulu okanye kwisiphelo esisezantsi ukwenzela ukuvelisa amandla amaninzi kwizantya ze-injini ezahlukeneyo. Ukuhambisa oku kutshintsha ukuba angakanani amandla e-injini kwisiphelo esisezantsi (isantya esicothayo) okanye isiphelo esiphezulu (isantya esiphezulu) somdyarho okanye ukusebenza kakuhle.




Kutheni utshintshe ulungelelwaniso kwi-ATDC okanye kwi-BTDC?
Xa ixesha lihanjiswa ukuze libe phambi okanye emva kweziko eliphezulu lokufa, litshintsha indlela "evulekileyo" okanye "evaliweyo" isilinda phambi kokuba i-fuel kunye nemixube yomoya itofwe kwaye i-spark iyayitshisa. Oku, kwakhona, kutshintsha ukuba ungakanani igumbi lokutsha elikhoyo ekutshisweni xa livutha, elitshintsha ukuba ungakanani uhambo lwepiston olutyhalwa kukutsha kunokuba i-injini iqhube. Okukhona kolo hambo lutyhalwa kukutsha, kokukhona i-injini iya kusebenza kakuhle, kodwa oko kutshisa: umlinganiselo wokuhamba uyatshintsha kwii-RPM ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokulungelelanisa usetyenziso oluphantsi okanye oluphezulu, umkhandi ukhetha ukuncama ukusebenza kakuhle kwelinye icala exhasa elinye. Ngokulungelelanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-TDC endaweni yoko, nangona kunjalo, umatshini ulungelelanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kuwo onke amanqanaba- yiyo loo nto iinjini ziphuma kumzi-mveliso ezine-TDC njengendawo yazo yexesha.

Kwii-injini ezindala, ukutshintsha ixesha ukuya kwi-BTDC okanye i-ATDC kuya kuthetha ukutshintshela umsasazi kunye neyakhelwe ixesha elitsha. Ezinye iikhithi zeadaptha ziyafumaneka kwezinye iinjini apho olu tshintsho ludumileyo, nangona kunjalo, ezivumela izinto zomthengisi ukuba zitshintshwe endaweni yeyunithi yonke. Kwiimoto zanamhlanje ezininzi ezisebenzisa ixesha lombane, utshintsho kwi-ATDC okanye kwi-BTDC ludla ngokufuna kuphela "iprogram yekhompyutha" yokutshintsha ixesha lokutshisa i-spark.