Ukukhathala ukuphuka enye yeendlela eziphambili zokuphulwa kwamacandelo esinyithi. Ukususela ekupapashweni komsebenzi wokudinwa kwe-Wöhler, iimpawu zokudinwa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo xa zivavanywa phantsi kwemithwalo eyahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ziye zafundwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona iingxaki zokudinwa ziye zaphawulwa ngoninzi lweenjineli kunye nabayili, kwaye isixa esikhulu sedatha yovavanyo iye yaqokelelwa, kusekho izixhobo ezininzi kunye noomatshini abanengxaki yokwaphuka kokudinwa.
Zininzi iindlela zokudinwa kukungaphumeleli kokwaphuka kwamalungu oomatshini:
*Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zemithwalo etshintshanayo, inokwahlulwa ibe: uxinzelelo kunye nokudinwa koxinzelelo, ukudinwa ukugoba, ukudinwa kwe-torsional, ukudinwa kokunxibelelana, ukudinwa kwe-vibration, njl.;
*Ngokobungakanani bomjikelezo opheleleyo wokuqhekeka kokukhathala (i-Nf), inokuhlulwa ibe: ukukhathala komjikelezo ophezulu (Nf＞10⁵) kunye nokukhathala okuphantsi (Nf＜10⁴);
*Ngokweqondo lobushushu kunye neemeko eziphakathi zamacandelo akwinkonzo, inokwahlulwa ibe: ukudinwa koomatshini (ubushushu obuqhelekileyo, ukudinwa emoyeni), ukudinwa kobushushu obuphezulu, ukudinwa kubushushu obuphantsi, ukudinwa yingqele kunye nobushushu kunye nokudinwa kwe-corrosion.
Kodwa kukho iifom ezimbini kuphela ezisisiseko, ezizezi, ukukhathala kwe-chear okubangelwa kuxinzelelo lwe-chear kunye nokudinwa okuqhelekileyo kokuphuka okubangelwa luxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo. Olunye uhlobo lokuqhekeka kokukhathala luyimbumba yezi ntlobo zimbini ezisisiseko phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqhekeka kwamalungu amaninzi e-shaft kuninzi kukujikeleza okujikelezayo kukudinwa kokwaphuka. Ngexesha lokuqhekeka kokukhathala okujikelezayo, indawo yomthombo wokudinwa ibonakala ngokubanzi kumphezulu, kodwa akukho ndawo isisigxina, kwaye inani lemithombo yokudinwa linokuba yinto enye okanye ngaphezulu. Izikhundla ezihambelanayo zommandla womthombo wokudinwa kunye nendawo yokugqibela yokuqhekeka ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala ziguqulwa nge-engile enxulumene nolwalathiso lokujikeleza kwe-shaft. Ukusuka kule nto, ulwalathiso olujikelezayo lwe-shaft lunokuthatyathwa ukusuka kwindawo ehambelanayo yomthombo wokukhathala kunye nommandla wokugqibela wokuphuka.
Xa kukho uxinzelelo olukhulu kumphezulu we-shaft, iindawo ezininzi zomthombo wokudinwa zinokuvela. Ngeli xesha indawo yokugqibela yokuphuka iya kuhamba ukuya ngaphakathi kwi-shaft.
