V8 injini crankshafts yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri, imwe ndeye cross crankshaft uye imwe yacho flat crankshaft. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti kona iri pakati pema crankshafts maviri ndeye 90 madhigirii pane 180 madhigirii. Iyo ndege crankshaft V8 injini ine chimiro chakareruka uye diki inertia, iyo inobatsira kune yakakwira shanduko uye mhinduro yeinjini, ine super vibration ...

Pane pfungwa mbiri dzeinjini mechanicha vibration: yekutanga-order vibration uye yechipiri-order vibration

E.g. matatu-cylinder muchina

Chero nguva apo crankshaft inotenderera, kwete chete iyo nhamba yekumusoro uye pasi pistons inogara ichisiyana, mafambiro emapiston e cylinder 1 uye cylinder 3 anogara akapesana, zvichiita kuti injini isangodedera kumusoro nekudzika, Izvo zvakare. oscillates kumashure uye mberi. Kana iwe uchida kuishandisa pamotokari inogadzirwa-zhinji, unofanirwa kuishongedza neshaft yekuenzanisa, zvikasadaro unogona kuishandisa kutyaira toyi yemagetsi. Sezvo chirevo chichienda: iyo matatu-cylinder yakavhundutsa nyika.

Asi akajairika mana-cylinder muchina

Zvinoita sekuti masilinda maviri anokwira kumusoro nepo masilinda maviri achidzika pasi. Iyi injini yakakwana here?

Kutora hafu yeinjini yechina-cylinder kuti iongorore zvakasiyana, hazvina kuoma kuwana kuti nekuda kweiyo geometric kumisikidzwa ye crank yekubatanidza tsvimbo, kumhanya kwepiston kumusoro kunogara kwakakurumidza kupfuura kumhanya kwepiston yakadzika, zvichikonzera injini yekuzunguza ichikwira nekudzika yega madhigirii 180 e crankshaft. .

Mhinduro? A balance shaft inotenderera zvakapetwa kaviri nekukurumidza se crankshaft. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mushure mekunge Mitsubishi yatanga kushandisa iyo mbiri chiyero shaft kune yakawanda-yakagadzirwa 4-segment injini muma1970, rudzi urwu rweinjini rwaive neramangwana.

Zvisinei, yekutanga-cylinder injini crankshaft yakanga isina kana counterweight. Pamusoro pematambudziko ekugadzira machina panguva iyoyo, kumhanya kweinjini yaive yakaderera pane yezvino injini yedhiziri.

Saka muma1910s, vagadziri veCadillac neFord vaida kugadzirisa dambudziko rekudengenyeka kuburikidza ne90-degree angle uye counterweight. (Asi muchirevo, axis yendege haidi dhizaini iyi)

Iyo yedivi vharafu V8 uye iri nyore flat crankshaft panguva iyoyo

Kubatsira kwe90 ° inosanganisirwa angle injini ndeyekuti huremu huremu pane crankshaft hunogona kushandiswa kudzikamisa torque yevibration inogadzirwa nekufamba kwepiston mune imwe mutsara wemasilinda. Iyi nheyo inoshanda kune 90-degree V-mhando injini ine akati wandei maviri maviri emasilinda.

Semuenzaniso, kana silinda yekumusoro ichikwira kumusoro, iyo counterweight inoenda pasi. Ichiri kutenderera ichienda kumberi, kumhanya kweanoremera kunongedza kuzasi kurudyi mushure mekutendeuka na6 o'clock, asi piston inofamba kubva kurudyi ichienda kuruboshwe inopesana nenguva ino.

Asi muma1920, injini yekumhanya yakawedzera, uye dambudziko rekudengenyeka kwechipiri rakawedzera kuoneka, saka mazhinji emagetsi eV8 akabudiswa akatanga kugadzirirwa nemuchinjikwa crankshaft.

Musiyano mukuru pakati pemuchinjikwa crankshaft (kumusoro) uye crankshaft yendege (pasi) ndewekuti kona iri pakati pemakorokoza maviri ega ega i90 madhigirii pachinzvimbo che180 madhigirii. Iyo ndege crankshaft V8 ichava nedambudziko rechipiri rekuzunguzika seyakatwasuka 4 injini, uye iyo 90-degree interval pakati pemitsara miviri yemasilinda ichaitawo kuti 180-degree vibration iwedzere. The cross crankshaft imhaka yekuti mutsauko uripo pakati pemaseti maviri e crankshafts akaparadzaniswa ne180 madhigirii i90 madhigirii pachinzvimbo che180 madhigirii. Kuwanda kweyechipiri vibration inongova hafu ye crankshaft ye ndege, uye amplitude yakaderera zvikuru.

Rangarira zvakanakira iyo 90-degree injini? Dambudziko rinogadziriswa mushure mekuwedzera counterweight

Asi pano panouya dambudziko. Sezvo mutsara wega wega wemasilinda une mapistoni maviri anosvika kumusoro kwakafa pa90-degree intervals, zvisinei kuti kutevedzana kwemoto kunorongwa sei, mutsara wega wega wemasilinda uchange uine kupisa kuviri pa90-degree intervals, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwekupera (kureva, iyo general V8 Injini dzakafanana nechikonzero chekupedza ruzha kubva kumichina yekurima).

Nokudaro, kuitira kuti uwedzere simba rekutsvaira nekumhanya kwakaderera, ruzhinji rwevanhu V8 ichagadzira H-mhando kana X-mhando yekuenzanisa pombi pakati pekupisa, uye kushandisa mutsauko wepakati pakati pemagetsi maviri kuderedza simba remhepo. kupera simba kupindira.

Mamwe maV8 akatarisana nekuita anoshandisa yakawedzera tangled dhizaini. Semuenzaniso, pombi yekupedza yeFord GT inobatanidza cylinder iri padyo nemhepo yekuburitsa kune rimwe divi. Chii zvakare (iyo frenzied BMW) haizeze kupera simba. Yakayerwa kusvika mukati meV kuti ishandise zvakanyanya kuomarara manifolds

Saka muchinjiko crankshaft hachisi chinhu chakanaka kune yakakwirira-inoshanda injini. Kunyangwe kuzunguzika kuri kudiki, iyo inorema counterweight inoita kuti inertia yemukati yeinjini ive yakakura kwazvo, izvo zvisingaenderane neanonzwa injini mhinduro uye nekuzadzikiswa kwekumhanya kukuru, tisingarevi kuderedzwa kwehuremu. Pamusoro pezvo, kupindira kwekupedza simba zvakare iri taboo huru yeinjini dzekuita. Saka injini yeEuropean-performance V8 ichiri kuomerera pakushandisa flat crankshaft.

Iyo ndege crankshaft V8 inosungirira maviri akatwasuka 4s pamwechete. Sezvo mapistoni anomhanya achikwira nekudzika anogara ari maviri maviri, hapazovi nedambudziko rekutanga rekuzunguza, asi iyo kaviri yechipiri vibration inofanirwa kuda inorema chiyero shaft. Kubata nayo. Kuwedzerwa kweiyo shaft yechiyero kunowedzera huremu uye nguva yeinertia, saka injini dzekuita idzi dzinoshandisa mapfupi-stroke pistons uye akasimba zvimiro kurapa zviratidzo uye kwete chisakiso chekudzikisa uku kudedera.

Kuteedzana kwekupfura kweiyo ndege crankshaft V8 iri nyore, uye hapana dambudziko rekuti muchinjiko crankshaft V8 uye exhaust cylinders zvinobatidzwa zvakatevedzana. Masilinda anoita basa anogara ari kuruboshwe-kurudyi-kuruboshwe-kuruboshwe-kuruboshwe-kurudyi..., panzvimbo yekuruboshwe-kuruboshwe-kuruboshwe-kuruboshwe-kuruboshwe-kurudyi-kurudyi seakisisi yemuchinjikwa, saka ipapo is no row Kune matambudziko ekukanganiswa kwemhepo, unogona kushandisa akajairwa akaenzana kureba exhaust manifolds kuti uwedzere simba pakakwirira revolutions.

Cross shaft

Zvakanakira: yakaderera vibration uye kushanda zvakanaka

Kukanganisa: uremu hunorema, inertia huru, kupindira kwekupedza

Plane axis

Zvakanakira: chimiro chakareruka, yakaderera inertia, yakanaka kune yakakwirira kumhanya uye injini mhinduro

Zvakaipa: kuzununguka kukuru