Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa piston ring ring, uye zvinhu izvi zvinowanzo kupindirana. Mukuwedzera, rudzi rwejini uye mamiriro ekushandiswa akasiyana, uye kupfeka kwepiston mhete kwakasiyanawo. Naizvozvo, dambudziko harigone kugadziriswa nekuvandudza chimiro uye zvinhu zvepiston mhete pachayo. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinogona kutangwa:

1. Sarudza zvinhu zvine maitiro akanaka ekufananidza

Panyaya yekudzikisira kupfeka, sechinhu chemhete dzepiston, inofanira kutanga yave neyakanaka kupfeka kuramba uye kuchengetedza mafuta. Kazhinji kutaura, zvinofanirwa kunge zviri izvo mhete yekutanga yegasi inopfeka kupfuura dzimwe mhete. Nokudaro, zvinonyanya kukosha kushandisa zvinhu zvakanaka pakuchengeta firimu remafuta pasina kukuvara. Chimwe chezvikonzero nei simbi yakakandwa ine graphite chimiro ichikosheswa ndechekuti ine yakanaka yekuchengetedza mafuta uye kupfeka kuramba.
Kuti uwedzere kuvandudza kushomeka kwepiston mhete, mhando dzakasiyana uye zviri mukati meiyo alloy zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzerwa kune yakakandwa simbi. Semuenzaniso, chromium molybdenum copper alloy cast iron ring inowanzoshandiswa mumainjini ikozvino ine zvakanakira zviri pachena maererano nekupfeka kuramba uye kuchengetedza mafuta.
Muchidimbu, iyo inoshandiswa rin'i yepiston yakanakisa kugadzira inonzwisisika kupfeka-inodzivirira chimiro chenyoro matrix uye yakaoma chikamu, kuitira kuti piston mhete ive nyore kupfeka panguva yekutanga kumhanya-mukati, uye yakaoma kupfeka mushure mekumhanya- mu.
Mukuwedzera, zvinhu zvesilinda zvakafananidzwa nemhete yepiston zvakare ine simba guru pakupfeka kwepiston ring. Kazhinji kutaura, kupfeka ndiko kudiki kana kuomarara mutsauko wekugaya uri zero. Sezvo mutsauko wekuoma unowedzera, kupfeka kunowedzerawo. Nekudaro, pakusarudza zvinhu, zviri nani kuita kuti piston mhete isvike pakupera kwekupfeka kare kupfuura silinda pane fungidziro yekuti zvikamu zviviri izvi zvine hupenyu hwakareba. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kutsiva mhete yepiston kune mari uye iri nyore pane kutsiva silinda liner.
Kune abrasive kupfeka, kunze kwekufunga kuomarara, iyo elastic mhedzisiro yepiston mhete zvinhu inofanirawo kutariswa. Zvishandiso zvine kusimba kwakasimba zvakaoma kupfeka uye zvine kukwirira kupfeka kusagadzikana.

2. Kuvandudzwa kwechimiro chechimiro

Kwemakumi emakore, kuvandudzwa kwakawanda kwakaitwa kune chimiro chepiston mhete kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, uye mhedzisiro yekushandura mhete yekutanga yegasi kuita mhete yepamusoro ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Nekuti rin'i yekumeso ine nhevedzano yezvakanakira, zvekupfeka zvine chekuita, zvisinei kuti mhete yekumeso inokwira kumusoro kana pasi, mafuta ekuzora anogona kusimudza mhete nekuita kweiyo wedge yemafuta kuve nechokwadi chekuzora zvakanaka. Mukuwedzera, iyo dhiri pamusoro pemhete inogona zvakare kudzivirira kumucheto mutoro. Parizvino, zvindori zvinotarisana nedhiri zvinowanzoshandiswa semhete yekutanga mumajini edhiziri akakwenenzverwa, uye zvindori zvekutarisana nedhiri zvinonyanya kushandiswa mune mamwe marudzi einjini dzedhiziri.
Kana iri mhete yemafuta, iyo yemukati brace coil chitubu chakakandwa simbi yemafuta mhete, iyo ikozvino inowanzoshandiswa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, ine zvakanakira zvikuru. Iyi mhete yemafuta pachayo inochinjika zvakanyanya uye ine yakanakisa kuchinjika kune yakaremara cylinder liner, kuitira kuti igone kuchengetedza yakanaka Iyo lubrication inoderedza kupfeka.
Kuti uderedze kupfekwa kwemhete yepiston, iyo yemuchinjikwa-chikamu chimiro cheboka remhete yepiston inofanira kufananidzwa zvine mutsindo kuchengetedza chisimbiso chakanaka uye yekuzora mafuta firimu.
Mukuwedzera, kuitira kuti uderedze kupfeka kwepiston mhete, chimiro che cylinder liner uye piston inofanira kugadzirwa zvine musoro. Semuenzaniso, cylinder liner yeSteyr WD615 injini inotora chimiro chepuratifomu. Munguva yekushanda-mukuita, nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pe cylinder liner uye piston ring inoderedzwa. , Inogona kuchengetedza lubrication yemvura, uye huwandu hwekupfeka hushoma kwazvo. Uyezve, mesh inoshanda setangi yekuchengetedza mafuta uye inovandudza kugona kwecylinder liner kuchengetedza mafuta ekuzora. Nokudaro, zvinobatsira zvikuru kuderedza kupfekedzwa kwepiston mhete uye cylinder liner. Ikozvino injini inowanzo tora iyi mhando ye silinda liner chimiro chimiro. Kuti uderedze kupfekwa kwezviso zvepamusoro uye zvepazasi zviso zvemhete yepiston, zviso zvekupedzisira zvemhete yepiston uye groove yerin'i inofanira kuchengetedza kubvumidzwa kwakaringana kudzivirira kuwanda kwekuita. Uye zvakare, inlaying kupfeka-resistant austenitic cast iron liners mukumusoro ring groove yepiston inogona zvakare kuderedza kupfekwa pazviso zvepamusoro nepamusoro, asi nzira iyi haidi kusimudzirwa zvizere kunze kwemamiriro akakosha. Nekuti hunyanzvi hwayo hwakanyanya kuoma kubata, mutengo wakakwira zvakare.

3. Kurapa kwepamusoro

Iyo nzira inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kupfeka kwepiston mhete ndeyekuita kurapa kwepamusoro. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekurapa dzepamusoro dziri kushandiswa pari zvino. Nekuda kwemabasa avo, anogona kupfupikiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera:
Kuvandudza kuomarara kwepasi kuti uderedze mabrasive kupfeka. Iko ndiko kuti, simbi yakaoma kwazvo inoumbwa panzvimbo yekushanda yemhete, kuitira kuti iyo yakapfava yakakandwa simbi abrasive haisi nyore kuiswa mukati, uye kupfeka kupikisa kwemhete kunovandudzwa. Loose-hole chromium plating ndiyo yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Haisi chete iyo chrome-plated layer ine yakanyanya kuoma (HV800～1000), iyo friction coefficient idiki kwazvo, uye yakasununguka-gomba chrome layer ine yakanaka yekuchengetedza mafuta chimiro, saka inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kupfekedzwa kwepiston mhete. . Mukuwedzera, chromium plating ine mutengo wakaderera, kugadzikana kwakanaka, uye kuita kwakanaka muzviitiko zvakawanda. Naizvozvo, mhete yekutanga yeinjini dzemotokari dzemazuva ano dzese dzinoshandisa zvindori zvine chrome, uye ingangoita 100% yemafuta mhete dzinoshandisa mhete dzechrome. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti mushure mokunge mhete yepiston iri chrome-yakaputirwa, kwete kungopfeka kwayo kuduku, asi kupfeka kwemamwe mapiston mhete uye cylinder liners iyo isina chrome-plated idiki zvakare.
Kune injini dzinomhanya-mhanya kana dzakakwidziridzwa, mhete yepiston haifanirwe kungove chromium-yakapfava pamusoro pekunze, asiwo pamusoro pepamusoro nepasi pekupedzisira nzvimbo yekudzikisa kupera kwepasi kupera. Izvo zvakanakisa kune ese chrome-yakapfatwa ekunze nzvimbo dzeese mapoka emhete kuderedza kupfekwa kweiyo yese piston mhete boka.
Kuvandudza huwandu hwekuchengetedza mafuta uye anti-kunyunguduka kugona kwenzvimbo yekushanda yepiston mhete kudzivirira kunyungudika uye kupfeka. Iyo firimu yemafuta ekuzora panzvimbo yekushanda yemhete yepiston inoparadzwa pakupisa kwepamusoro uye dzimwe nguva yakaoma friction inoumbwa. Kana jira rekuputira pamusoro nemafuta ekuchengetedza uye anti-fusion rinoiswa pamusoro pemhete yepiston, inogona kuderedza kupfeka kwefusion uye kugadzirisa kushanda kwemhete. Dhonza humburumbira simba. Kupfapfaidza kweMolybdenum pamhete yepiston kune yakanyanyisa kupikisa kupfeka kwefusion. Kune rimwe divi, nekuti yakapfapfaidzwa molybdenum layer iri porous oiri yekuchengetedza chimiro coating; kune rumwe rutivi, kunyunguduka kwe molybdenum kwakakwirira (2630 ° C), uye inogona kushanda zvakanaka pasi pekuoma kwakaoma. Muchiitiko ichi, molybdenum-sprayed ring ine yakakwirira kupikisa kune welding pane chrome-plated ring. Zvisinei, kusamira kwekupfeka kwe molybdenum spray ring kwakaipa kudarika ye chrome-plated ring. Mukuwedzera, mari ye molybdenum spray ring yakakwirira uye simba rekugadzirisa rakaoma kudzikamisa. Saka, kunze kwekunge molybdenum spraying inofanirwa, zviri nani kushandisa chrome plating.
Kuvandudza kurapa kwepamusoro kwekutanga kumhanya-mukati. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa kwepamusoro ndeyekuvhara pamusoro pemhete yepiston ine dhizaini yezvakapfava uye elastic isina kusimba zvinhu, kuitira kuti mhete uye chikamu chinobuda checylinder liner yekubata uye nekumhanyisa kupfeka, nekudaro kupfupisa nguva yekumhanya. uye kuita kuti mhete ipinde munzvimbo yakagadzikana yekushanda. . Phosphating kurapwa parizvino inonyanya kushandiswa. Firimu rephosphating rine nyoro uye nyore kupfeka rinoumbwa pamusoro pemhete yepiston. Nekuti iyo phosphating kurapwa inoda midziyo yakapusa, mashandiro ari nyore, mutengo wakaderera, uye kushanda kwakanyanya, inowanzoshandiswa mupiston ring process yeinjini diki. Uye zvakare, tin plating uye oxidation kurapwa inogona zvakare kuvandudza yekutanga kumhanya-mukati.
Mukurapa kwepamusoro pezvindori zvepiston, chromium plating uye molybdenum spraying ndiyo nzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvichienderana nerudzi rweinjini, chimiro, kushandiswa uye mamiriro ekushanda, dzimwe nzira dzekurapa dzepamusoro dzinoshandiswa zvakare, senge yakapfava nitriding kurapwa, vulcanization kurapwa, uye ferroferric oxide kuzadza.