Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kumyambarire ya piston, kandi ibyo bintu bikunze guhuzwa. Mubyongeyeho, ubwoko bwa moteri nuburyo bwo gukoresha buratandukanye, kandi kwambara impeta ya piston nabyo biratandukanye cyane. Kubwibyo, ikibazo ntigishobora gukemurwa no kunoza imiterere nibikoresho bya piston ubwayo. Ibice bikurikira birashobora gutangira:

1. Hitamo ibikoresho bifite imikorere myiza ihuye

Mu rwego rwo kugabanya kwambara, nkibikoresho byimpeta ya piston, igomba kubanza kugira imyambarire myiza yo kwambara no kubika amavuta. Muri rusange, bigomba kuba ko impeta ya gaze yambere yambara kurusha izindi mpeta. Kubwibyo, birakenewe cyane cyane gukoresha ibikoresho byiza mukubika firime yamavuta bitarangiritse. Imwe mumpamvu zituma ibyuma bikozwe muburyo bwa grafite bihabwa agaciro nuko ifite ububiko bwiza bwamavuta kandi ikarwanya kwambara.
Kugirango turusheho kunoza imyambarire yimpeta ya piston, ubwoko butandukanye nibirimo ibintu bivanze bishobora kwongerwaho icyuma. Kurugero, chromium molybdenum umuringa alloy cast impeta ikunze gukoreshwa muri moteri ubu ifite ibyiza bigaragara mubijyanye no kurwanya kwambara no kubika amavuta.
Muri make, ibikoresho bikoreshwa kumpeta ya piston nibyiza gushiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kwihanganira kwambara matrike yoroshye hamwe nicyiciro gikomeye, kuburyo impeta ya piston yoroshye kwambara mugihe cyambere cyo kwiruka, kandi bigoye kwambara nyuma yo kwiruka- in.
Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya silinderi bihuye nimpeta ya piston nabyo bigira uruhare runini mukwambara impeta ya piston. Muri rusange, kwambara ni bito iyo itandukaniro rikomeye ryibikoresho byo gusya ari zeru. Mugihe itandukaniro ryo gukomera ryiyongera, kwambara nabyo biriyongera. Ariko, mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho, nibyiza ko impeta ya piston igera kumipaka yo kwambara mbere ya silinderi hashingiwe ko ibice byombi bifite ubuzima burebure. Ibi ni ukubera ko gusimbuza impeta ya piston ari ubukungu kandi byoroshye kuruta gusimbuza silinderi.
Kwambara nabi, usibye gusuzuma ubukana, ingaruka za elastique yibikoresho bya piston bigomba no gutekerezwa. Ibikoresho bifite ubukana bukomeye biragoye kwambara kandi bifite kwihanganira kwambara.

2. Kunoza imiterere

Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, hari byinshi byahinduwe ku miterere yimpeta ya piston mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, kandi ingaruka zo guhindura impeta ya gaze ya mbere ku mpeta ya barriel ni yo igaragara cyane. Kuberako impeta yo mumaso ya barrel ifite urukurikirane rwibyiza, kubijyanye no kwambara, uko impeta yo mumaso ya barrale yazamutse hejuru cyangwa hepfo, amavuta yo gusiga arashobora kuzamura impeta kubikorwa byamavuta kugirango amavuta abeho neza. Mubyongeyeho, impeta yubuso irashobora kandi kwirinda umutwaro. Kugeza ubu, impeta zo mu maso zikoreshwa cyane nk'impeta ya mbere muri moteri ya mazutu yongerewe imbaraga, kandi impeta zo mu maso zikoreshwa cyane mu bundi bwoko bwa moteri ya mazutu.
Kubijyanye nimpeta yamavuta, imbere yimbere ya coil isoko yimbere yamavuta yicyuma, ubu ikoreshwa mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga, ifite ibyiza byinshi. Iyi mpeta yamavuta ubwayo iroroshye guhinduka kandi ifite uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza na silinderi yahinduwe, kugirango ibashe gukomeza ibyiza Amavuta agabanya kwambara.
Kugirango ugabanye kwambara impeta ya piston, imiterere ihuza ibice byitsinda rya piston igomba guhuzwa neza kugirango ibungabunge kashe nziza kandi isiga amavuta.
Byongeye kandi, kugirango ugabanye kwambara impeta ya piston, imiterere yumurongo wa silinderi na piston bigomba kuba byateguwe neza. Kurugero, silinderi ya moteri ya Steyr WD615 ikoresha urubuga rwa net. Mugihe cyo kwiruka, inzira yo guhuza hagati ya silinderi ya lisansi nimpeta ya piston iragabanuka. , Irashobora kugumana amavuta yo kwisiga, kandi kwambara ni bike cyane. Byongeye kandi, mesh ikora nk'ikigega cyo kubika amavuta kandi igatezimbere ubushobozi bwa silinderi yo kugumana amavuta yo gusiga. Kubwibyo, nibyiza cyane kugabanya kwambara impeta ya piston na silinderi. Noneho moteri isanzwe ifata ubu bwoko bwa silinderi yimiterere. Kugirango ugabanye kwambara mumaso yo hejuru no hepfo yimpera yimpeta ya piston, isura yanyuma yimpeta ya piston hamwe nimpeta yimpeta igomba gukomeza guhanagura neza kugirango wirinde ingaruka zikabije. Byongeye kandi, gushiramo ibyuma birwanya ibyuma bya austenitike bikozwe mucyuma cyo hejuru cya piston birashobora kandi kugabanya kwambara kumaso yo hejuru no hepfo, ariko ubu buryo ntibukeneye kuzamurwa neza usibye ibihe bidasanzwe. Kuberako ibihangano byayo bigoye kubyiga, ikiguzi nacyo kiri hejuru.

3. Kuvura hejuru

Uburyo bushobora kugabanya cyane kwambara impeta ya piston nugukora hejuru. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura hejuru bukoreshwa ubu. Kubireba imirimo yabo, irashobora gukusanyirizwa mubice bitatu bikurikira:
Kunoza ubukana bwo hejuru kugirango ugabanye kwambara nabi. Nukuvuga ko icyuma gikomeye cyane gikozwe hejuru yimikorere yimpeta, kugirango ibyuma byoroshye byangiza byoroshye ntibyoroshye kwinjizwa hejuru, kandi birwanya kwambara impeta. Isahani ya chromium irekuye ubu niyo ikoreshwa cyane. Ntabwo igipande cya chrome gifite plaque gusa gifite ubukana bwinshi (HV800 ～ 1000), coefficient de fraisse ni nto cyane, kandi urwego rwa chrome rwirekuye rufite imiterere myiza yo kubika amavuta, kuburyo rushobora kunoza cyane imyambarire yimpeta ya piston . Mubyongeyeho, isahani ya chromium ifite igiciro gito, ituze ryiza, nibikorwa byiza muribenshi. Kubwibyo, impeta yambere ya moteri yimodoka igezweho yose ikoresha impeta zometse kuri chrome, kandi hafi 100% yimpeta zamavuta zikoresha impeta ya chrome. Imyitozo yerekanye ko nyuma yimpeta ya piston isizwe na chrome, ntabwo kwambara kwayo gusa ari nto, ariko kwambara izindi mpeta za piston hamwe na silinderi idafite chrome yashizwemo nabyo ni bito.
Kuri moteri yihuta cyangwa yongerewe imbaraga, impeta ya piston ntigomba gusa kuba chromium yometse hejuru yinyuma, ahubwo no hejuru yimbere no hepfo kugirango igabanye kwambara. Nibyiza kumurongo wose wa chrome ushyizwe hanze yimitwe yose yimpeta kugirango ugabanye kwambara kwitsinda rya piston yose.
Kunoza ubushobozi bwo kubika amavuta hamwe nubushobozi bwo kurwanya gushonga hejuru yimikorere yimpeta ya piston kugirango wirinde gushonga no kwambara. Amavuta yo gusiga amavuta hejuru yimikorere ya piston yangiritse kubushyuhe bwinshi kandi rimwe na rimwe havamo ubwumvikane buke. Niba igipande cyubuso hamwe namavuta yo kubika hamwe na anti-fusion gishyizwe hejuru yimpeta ya piston, birashobora kugabanya kwambara kwa fusion no kunoza imikorere yimpeta. Kurura ubushobozi bwa silinderi. Molybdenum itera kumpeta ya piston ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya kwambara. Ku ruhande rumwe, kubera ko umuti wa molybdenum watewe ni ububiko bubika amavuta; kurundi ruhande, aho gushonga kwa molybdenum ni hejuru cyane (2630 ° C), kandi irashobora gukora neza mugihe cyo guterana kwumye. Muri iki gihe, impeta yatewe na molybdenum ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya gusudira kuruta impeta ya chrome. Nyamara, kwihanganira kwambara impeta ya molybdenum itera nabi kurenza iy'impeta ya chrome. Mubyongeyeho, ikiguzi cya molybdenum spray impeta ni kinini kandi imbaraga zimiterere ziragoye guhagarara. Kubwibyo, keretse niba gutera molybdenum ari ngombwa, nibyiza gukoresha plaque ya chrome.
Kunoza ubuvuzi bwo hejuru bwambere-in. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura hejuru ni ugupfuka hejuru yimpeta ya piston hamwe nigice cyoroshye kandi cyoroshye cyoroshye, kuburyo impeta nigice gisohoka cya silinderi ihuza kandi ikihutisha kwambara, bityo bikagabanya igihe cyo gukora. no gukora impeta yinjira mubikorwa bihamye. . Ubuvuzi bwa fosifati burakoreshwa cyane. Filime ya fosifati ifite imyenda yoroshye kandi yoroshye kwambara ikorwa hejuru yimpeta ya piston. Kuberako kuvura fosifate bisaba ibikoresho byoroshye, gukora byoroshye, igiciro gito, hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse, bikoreshwa muburyo bwa piston impeta ya moteri nto. Byongeye kandi, kuvura amabati no kuvura okiside birashobora kandi kunoza imikorere yambere.
Muburyo bwo kuvura impeta za piston, isahani ya chromium hamwe no gutera molybdenum nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa moteri, imiterere, imikoreshereze n'imiterere y'akazi, ubundi buryo bwo kuvura hejuru nabwo burakoreshwa, nko kuvura nitride yoroshye, kuvura ibirunga, no kuzuza okiside ferroferric.