"Rotary Engine"
2021-08-27
Injini yomwe timayiwona nthawi zambiri ngati pisitoni ikubwereranso, ndiko kuti, pisitoni imapanganso kusuntha kwa mzere mu silinda, ndipo kusuntha kwa mzere wa pistoni kumasinthidwa kukhala kuzungulira kwa crankshaft kudzera mu crankshaft, pomwe chozungulira. injini ilibe njira yosinthira iyi, ndi kudzera pa pisitoni Kuzungulira kwa silinda kumayendetsa shaft yayikulu ya injini (yomwe ndi, crankshaft ya injini wamba, chifukwa sichimapindika, sichimatchedwanso crankshaft), kotero pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi.
A. Sitiroko yolowa: Kachitidwe ka pisitoni kuchokera pakati pakufa mpaka pakati pakufa kumatchedwa intake stroke (ngodya ya crankshaft rotation 0~180°). Mu sitiroko iyi, valavu yolowera imatseguka, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatseka, ndipo chipinda cha mpweya chimalumikizana ndi mlengalenga. Kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga kumapangitsa kuti mafuta ndi gasi osakaniza alowe, ndipo kupanikizika kwa silinda kumakhala pafupifupi 0.075 ~ 0.09MPa kumapeto kwa kudya.
B. Compression stroke: Njira ya pisitoni yosuntha kuchokera pansi pakufa mpaka pakati pa akufa imatchedwa compression stroke (ngodya ya crankshaft rotation ndi 180 ° ~ 360 °). Mu sitiroko iyi, ma valve olowa ndi otulutsa amatsekedwa kwathunthu, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mafuta ndi gasi osakaniza mu chipinda cha mpweya kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Kupanikizika mu chipinda cha mpweya kumapeto kwa kupanikizika kwapakati kumakhala pafupifupi 0,6 mpaka 1.2 MPa.
C.Power stroke: Njira ya pisitoni yosuntha kuchokera pamwamba pakufa mpaka pakati pakufa pansi imatchedwa power stroke (crankshaft rotation angle 360 ° ~ 540 °). Pa sitiroko iyi, mavavu olowera ndi otulutsa amatsekedwa kwathunthu, ndipo pulagi ya spark imalumphira pomwe pisitoni ili pamtunda wapakati wakufa. Moto umayatsa kusakaniza kwamafuta ndi gasi kuti kukakamiza mu silinda kukwera kwambiri (mpaka 3 ~ 5MPa), kukankhira pisitoni kuti isunthire ku crankshaft, kupanikizika kumatsika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kukakamiza kwachipinda cha mpweya kumakhala pafupifupi 0.3 ~ 0.5MPa kumapeto kwa sitiroko yamagetsi.
D. Exhaust stroke: Njira ya pisitoni yoyenda kuchokera pansi pakufa mpaka pakati pakufa imatchedwa exhaust stroke (ngodya ya crankshaft rotation 540 ° ~ 720 °). Pa sitiroko iyi, valavu yolowetsa imatsekedwa, valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa, ndipo pisitoni imasunthira mmwamba kukankhira kuyaka. Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umatulutsidwa kuchokera ku chipinda cha mpweya, ndipo mpweya wa mpweya mu chipinda cha mpweya uli pafupi 0.105 ~ 0.115 MPa kumapeto kwa sitiroko. Kutha kwa sitiroko kumawonetsanso kutha kwa kuzungulira kwa injini.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa kufananiza kwa sitiroko iliyonse ya injini yozungulira ndi injini yobwereza (mbali yakumanzere ya mabowo awiri a mpweya pachithunzicho ndikulowetsa ndi kumanja ndikutulutsa). Injini yozungulira ndi yofanana ndi injini yobwereketsa yokhala ndi sitiroko zinayi. Kuponderezana, ntchito, ndi kutopa kumapangidwa ndi mikwingwirima inayi. Mtsempha wogwirira ntchito (BC wogwira ntchito) womwe umapangidwa pakati pa malo opindika BC a rotor ya katatu ndi mbiri ya silinda imatengedwa ngati chitsanzo kuti iwonetsetse ntchito ya injini yozungulira inayi.
Kukwapula kolowera: Pamene ngodya C ya rotor ya katatu itembenukira kumanja kwa dzenje lolowera, chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha BC chimayamba kutulutsa mpweya. Pamalo a, mabowo olowera ndi otulutsa amalumikizidwa, ndipo kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa kumalumikizana. Ili ndiye gawo laling'ono kwambiri la chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha BC, chomwe ndi chofanana ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri apakati pa injini yobwezera. Pamene rotor ikupitirizabe kusinthasintha, kuchuluka kwa chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha BC kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kusakaniza koyaka moto kumayamwa mosalekeza mu silinda. Pamene rotor imazungulira 90 ° (tsinde lalikulu limazungulira 270 °, chiŵerengero cha rotor ku liwiro lalikulu la shaft mu injini yozungulira ndi 1: 3, yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi ma meshing gear) imafika pa b, voliyumu ya BC. Chipinda chogwirira ntchito chimafika pachimake, chomwe ndi chofanana ndi m'munsi mwa injini yobwereranso Pamalo apakati akufa, sitiroko yodya imatha.
Kupanikizika kwapakati: Pamene rotor ya katatu ikupitirizabe kusinthasintha, pamwamba pa ngodya ya B imadutsa kumanzere kwa dzenje, ndipo kupweteka kwapakati kumayamba, voliyumu ya chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha BC imachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuthamanga kumakhala kokulirapo komanso kokulirapo. Ikafika pa malo c, rotor imazungulira 180 ° (Shaft yaikulu imazungulira 540 °), voliyumu ya chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha BC imafika pang'onopang'ono, yomwe ili yofanana ndi malo apamwamba apakati akufa kwa injini yobwezera, ndipo kupweteka kwapakati kumathera.
Sitiroko yantchito: Kumapeto kwa sitiroko yoponderezedwa, spark plug imawala, kutentha kwambiri komanso mpweya wothamanga kwambiri kumakankhira pisitoni ya katatu kuti ipitilize kuzungulira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha BC kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Pamene ngodya C ifika m'mphepete kumanja kwa dzenje lotulutsa mpweya, pa malo d, rotor imazungulira 270 ° (kuzungulira kwa spindle 810 °), voliyumu ya chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha BC imafika pamtunda waukulu, womwe uli wofanana ndi malo omwe ali pansi pakufa. injini yobwerezabwereza, ndipo sitiroko yamphamvu imatha.
Kuthamanga kwa mpweya: pamene mbali ya katatu ya rotor angle C itembenukira kumanja kwa dzenje lotulutsa mpweya, kugunda kwa mpweya kumayamba, ndipo potsirizira pake kagawo kakang'ono kamene kamabwerera ku malo a, kutha kwa mpweya kumatha, rotor imazungulira 360 ° (tsinde lalikulu limazungulira katatu. nthawi), ndi ntchito imodzi Kuzungulira kutha. Nthawi yomweyo, CA yogwira ntchito ndi AB yogwira ntchito imamalizanso kuzungulira kogwirira ntchito motsatana.
● Kuyerekezera kwa injini:
Injini yozungulira: gulu la thupi, masitima apamtunda wa valve, makina operekera, poyatsira moto, makina ozizira, makina opaka mafuta, makina oyambira
Injini ya pistoni yobwereza: seti ya thupi, makina olumikizira ndodo, masitima apamtunda wa valve, makina operekera, poyatsira, makina ozizira, makina opaka mafuta, makina oyambira
● Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa injini ziwirizi:
◆ Injini yobwereza:
ubwino:
1. Ukadaulo wopanga ndi wokhwima. Yabadwa kwa zaka zoposa 120. Ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wasinthidwa mosalekeza. Ndi injini yoyatsira mkati yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ili ndi ndalama zochepa zokonzera ndi kukonza.
2. Ntchito yodalirika, mpweya wabwino wa mpweya ndi kudalirika kwa kufalitsa mphamvu.
3. Mafuta abwino amafuta.
zoperewera:
1. Mapangidwe ovuta, voliyumu yayikulu ndi kulemera kwakukulu.
2. Mphamvu yobwerezabwereza ya inertia ndi mphindi ya inertia chifukwa cha kubwereza kwa pisitoni mu makina olumikizira ndodo sizingagwirizane kwathunthu. Kukula kwa mphamvu ya inertial iyi ndi yofanana ndi lalikulu la liwiro, zomwe zimachepetsa kusalala kwa injini yothamanga ndikuletsa kukula kwa injini zothamanga kwambiri.
3. Monga momwe ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito injini ya pistoni yobwerezabwereza inayi ndi yakuti katatu mwa mikwingwirima inayi imadalira kusinthasintha kwa flywheel inertia, mphamvu ndi torque ya injini imakhala yosagwirizana kwambiri, ngakhale injini zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito ma multi-cylinder ndi V. - kupanga mawonekedwe. Chepetsani cholakwika ichi, koma ndizosatheka kuchichotsa kwathunthu.
◆ Injini yozungulira:
ubwino:
1. Kukula kochepa ndi kulemera kopepuka, kosavuta kuchepetsa pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya galimoto. Popeza injini yozungulira ilibe makina olumikizira ndodo, kutalika kwa injini kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo pakatikati pa mphamvu yokoka yagalimoto imatsitsidwa nthawi yomweyo.
2. Mapangidwe osavuta. Poyerekeza ndi injini ya pistoni yobwerezabwereza, injini yozungulira imachepetsa makina olumikizira ndodo, zomwe zimatsogolera ku makina osavuta a injini ndi magawo ochepa.
3. Makhalidwe ofanana a torque. Popeza silinda imodzi ya injini yozungulira imakhala ndi zipinda zitatu zogwirira ntchito nthawi imodzi, kutulutsa kwa torque kumakhala kofanana kwambiri kuposa injini ya pistoni yobwerezabwereza.
4. Zothandizira pa chitukuko cha injini zothamanga kwambiri, chifukwa piston rotor ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha shaft ndi 1: 3, kuthamanga kwa pistoni sikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse kuthamanga kwa injini.
zoperewera:
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kutulutsa mpweya kumakhala kovuta kukwaniritsa. Chifukwa silinda iliyonse ili ndi zipinda zitatu zogwirira ntchito, kuzungulira kulikonse kwa pisitoni rotor kumakhala kofanana ndi zikwapu zitatu zamphamvu. Poyerekeza ndi 3000rpm ndi injini ya pistoni yobwerezabwereza, injini ya pistoni yobwerezabwereza imapopera nthawi 750 /mphindi, ndipo injini yozungulira ndi yofanana ndi liwiro la 1000rpm, koma imafunika nthawi 3000 /min. Zitha kuwoneka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini ya rotary ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa injini ya pisitoni yobwereranso. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawonekedwe a chipinda choyaka moto cha injini yozungulira sichikuthandizira kuyaka kwathunthu kwa chisakanizo choyaka moto, njira yofalitsa lawi ndi yaitali, ndipo mafuta amafuta ndi aakulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zonyansa zomwe zili mu gasi wotayira zimakhala zambiri.
2. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka injini, mtundu woyatsira ndi womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa mtundu woyatsira woponderezedwa, ndiye kuti, mafuta okha ndi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mafuta m'malo mwa dizilo.
3. Chifukwa chakuti injini ya rotary imagwiritsa ntchito shaft ya eccentric, injiniyo imagwedezeka kwambiri.
4. Malo apamwamba a shaft yotulutsa mphamvu (spindle) sakugwirizana ndi dongosolo la galimoto yonse.
5. Tekinoloje yopangira ndi kupanga makina ozungulira ndi apamwamba, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri.
