Enwere ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta mgbanaka piston, na ihe ndị a na-ejikọtakarị ọnụ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ụdị engine na ọnọdụ eji eme ihe dị iche iche, na iyi nke mgbanaka piston dịkwa nnọọ iche. Ya mere, enweghi ike idozi nsogbu ahụ site n'ịkwalite nhazi na ihe onwunwe nke piston mgbanaka n'onwe ya. Enwere ike ịmalite akụkụ ndị a:

1. Họrọ ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma dabara adaba

N'ihe gbasara ibelata iyi, dị ka ihe maka mgbanaka piston, ọ ga-ebu ụzọ nwee ezigbo mgbochi iyi na nchekwa mmanụ. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọ ghaghị ịbụ na mgbanaka gas nke mbụ na-eyi karịa mgbanaka ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa karịsịa iji ihe ndị dị mma na-edebe ihe nkiri mmanụ na-enweghị mmebi. Otu n'ime ihe mere nkedo ígwè nwere ihe owuwu graphite ji akpọrọ ihe bụ na ọ nwere ezigbo nchekwa mmanụ ma na-eyi nguzogide.
Iji meziwanye nguzogide iyi nke mgbanaka piston, ụdị dị iche iche na ọdịnaya nke ihe alloy nwere ike ịgbakwunye na nkedo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbanaka ọla kọpa chromium molybdenum ọla kọpa nke a na-ejikarị na injin ugbu a nwere uru doro anya n'ihe gbasara nguzogide iyi na nchekwa mmanụ.
Na nkenke, ihe a na-eji maka mgbanaka piston kacha mma ịmepụta usoro kwesịrị ekwesị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nke matrix dị nro na nke siri ike, nke mere na piston mgbanaka dị mfe iyi n'oge mbụ na-agba ọsọ, na-esikwa ike iyi mgbe agbachara ọsọ- n'ime.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ihe nke cylinder na-ejikọta ya na mgbanaka piston nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu na iyi nke mgbanaka piston. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, uwe ahụ bụ nke kacha nta mgbe ọdịiche siri ike nke ihe egweri bụ efu. Ka ihe dị iche iche nke ike siri ike na-abawanye, uwe ahụ na-abawanye. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ihe, ọ kacha mma ime ka mgbanaka piston na-erute njedebe na-eyi tupu cylinder ahụ n'echiche na akụkụ abụọ ahụ nwere ndụ kachasị ogologo. Nke a bụ n'ihi na iji dochie mgbanaka piston dị ọnụ ala ma dị mfe karịa dochie eriri cylinder.
Maka akwa abrasive, na mgbakwunye na ịtụle ike siri ike, a ghaghị ịtụle mmetụta na-agbanwe nke ihe mgbanaka piston. Ngwa ndị nwere ike siri ike na-esiri ike iyi ma nwee nnukwu nguzogide iyi.

2. Nkwalite ọdịdị ọdịdị

Ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, e meela ọtụtụ ndozi na nhazi nke mgbanaka piston n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ, na mmetụta nke ịgbanwe mgbanaka gas nke mbụ na mgbanaka elu gbọmgbọm bụ ihe kachasị mkpa. N'ihi na mgbanaka ihu gbọmgbọm nwere ọtụtụ uru, n'ihe gbasara iyi, n'agbanyeghị ma mgbanaka ihu gbọmgbọm na-agbago elu ma ọ bụ ala, mmanụ mmanụ nwere ike ibuli mgbanaka ahụ site n'omume nke mmanu mmanu iji hụ na mma mmanu mmanu. Na mgbakwunye, mgbanaka elu gbọmgbọm nwekwara ike zere ibu ọnụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị mgbanaka ihu barrel dị ka mgbanaka mbụ n'ime igwe mmanụ dizel emeziwanye, na mgbanaka ihu barel na-ejikarị na ụdị igwe mmanụ dizel ndị ọzọ.
N'ihe gbasara mgbanaka mmanụ, mgbanaka mmanu mgbanaka mmiri nke dị n'ime, nke a na-ejikarị n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, nwere nnukwu uru. Mgbanaka mmanụ a n'onwe ya na-agbanwe nke ọma ma nwee ezigbo mgbanwe na eriri cylinder ahụ mebiri emebi, nke mere na ọ nwere ike ịnọgide na-adị mma The lubrication na-ebelata iyi.
Iji belata iyi nke mgbanaka piston, a ga-ejikọta akụkụ nke akụkụ nke akụkụ nke piston mgbanaka iji kwado akara dị mma na ihe nkiri mmanụ mmanụ.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, iji belata iyi nke mgbanaka piston, ekwesịrị ịhazi nhazi nke cylinder liner na piston nke ọma. Ka ihe atụ, cylinder liner nke Steyr WD615 engine nakweere a n'elu ikpo okwu net Ọdịdị. N'oge usoro na-agba ọsọ, mpaghara kọntaktị n'etiti cylinder liner na piston mgbanaka na-ebelata. , Ọ nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe mmanye mmiri mmiri, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke iyi dị ntakịrị. Ọzọkwa, ntupu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka tank nchekwa mmanụ ma na-eme ka ike nke cylinder liner na-ejigide mmanụ mmanụ. Ya mere, ọ bara ezigbo uru iji belata mgbanaka piston na eriri cylinder. Ugbu a, engine n'ozuzu nakweere ụdị cylinder liner Ọdịdị udi. Iji belata iyi nke elu na nke dị ala nke mgbanaka piston, ihu njedebe nke mgbanaka piston na mgbanaka mgbanaka kwesịrị ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsị kwesịrị ekwesị iji zere ibu mmetụta dị ukwuu. Na mgbakwunye, itinye ihe nkedo austenitic na-eguzogide wear na mgbanaka mgbanaka elu nke piston nwekwara ike ibelata iyi na ihu elu na nke ala, mana usoro a adịghị mkpa ịkwalite nke ọma ma ewezuga ọnọdụ pụrụ iche. N'ihi na ọrụ ya na-esi ike karị ịmụta, ọnụ ahịa ya dịkwa elu.

3. ọgwụgwọ elu

Usoro nwere ike ibelata nke ukwuu iyi nke mgbanaka piston bụ ime ọgwụgwọ elu. Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ ọgwụgwọ elu eji eme ihe ugbu a. N'ihe gbasara ọrụ ha, enwere ike ịchịkọta ha na ngalaba atọ ndị a:
Meziwanye ike nke elu ala iji belata nhịahụ. Nke ahụ bụ, a na-emepụta akwa akwa ígwè siri ike na-arụ ọrụ nke mgbanaka ahụ, nke mere na abrasive nkedo dị nro adịghị mfe itinye ya n'elu, ma na-eme ka nkwụsị nke mgbanaka ahụ dịkwuo mma. A na-eji plating chromium na-atọhapụ oghere ugbu a nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ọbụghị naanị na oyi akwa chrome-plated nwere isi ike dị elu (HV800 ~ 1000), ọnụọgụ esemokwu dị obere, na oyi akwa chrome nwere oghere nwere ezigbo nchekwa nchekwa mmanụ, yabụ ọ nwere ike melite nguzogide mgbanaka piston. . Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, chromium plating nwere ọnụ ala dị ala, nkwụsi ike dị mma, na arụmọrụ dị mma n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ. Ya mere, mgbanaka mbụ nke igwe ụgbọ ala ọgbara ọhụrụ niile na-eji mgbanaka chrome-plated, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100% nke mgbanaka mmanụ na-eji mgbanaka chrome-plated. Omume egosila na mgbe mgbanaka piston bụ chrome-plated, ọ bụghị naanị na uwe nke ya dị ntakịrị, ma iyi nke mgbanaka piston ndị ọzọ na cylinder liners na-abụghị chrome-plated dịkwa obere.
Maka igwe na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ kwalitere, mgbanaka piston ekwesịghị ịbụ naanị chromium-plated na elu elu, kamakwa n'elu elu na nke dị ala iji belata njedebe njedebe. Ọ kacha mma na elu elu chrome-plated niile nke otu mgbanaka niile iji belata iyi nke otu mgbanaka piston niile.
Meziwanye ikike nchekwa mmanụ na ikike mgbaze nke ebe arụ ọrụ nke mgbanaka piston iji gbochie ịgbaze na iyi. A na-ebibi ihe nkiri mmanụ mmanụ na-arụ ọrụ nke mgbanaka piston na oke okpomọkụ ma mgbe ụfọdụ a na-emepụta esemokwu akọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye akwa mkpuchi elu nke nwere mmanụ nchekwa na mgbochi mgbochi n'elu mgbanaka piston, ọ nwere ike ibelata mgbatị ahụ ma melite arụmọrụ mgbanaka ahụ. Dọrọ ikike cylinder. Ịfesa molybdenum na mgbanaka piston nwere nnukwu nguzogide ntu oyi. N'otu aka ahụ, n'ihi na oyi akwa molybdenum na-agba agba bụ mkpuchi ihe mkpuchi nchekwa mmanụ porous; N'aka nke ọzọ, ebe mgbaze nke molybdenum dị oke elu (2630 Celsius), ọ ka nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma n'okpuru esemokwu akọrọ. N'okwu a, mgbanaka molybdenum-sprayed nwere nguzogide dị elu maka ịgbado ọkụ karịa mgbanaka chrome-plated. Otú ọ dị, nguzogide iyi nke mgbanaka ịgbasa molybdenum dị njọ karịa nke mgbanaka chrome-plated. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọnụ ahịa nke mgbanaka ịgbasa molybdenum dị elu na ike nhazi ahụ siri ike ịkwado. Ya mere, ọ gwụla ma ọ dị mkpa ịgbasa molybdenum, ọ kacha mma iji chrome plating.
Melite ọgwụgwọ elu nke ịgba ọsọ mbụ. Ụdị ọgwụgwọ elu a bụ iji kpuchie elu nke mgbanaka piston na akwa akwa nke ihe dị nro kwesịrị ekwesị na ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke mere na mgbanaka na akụkụ nke na-apụta nke cylinder liner na-akpọtụrụ ma mee ka uwe ahụ dịkwuo elu, si otú ahụ na-ebelata oge ịgba ọsọ. na ime ka mgbanaka ahụ banye n'ọnọdụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike. . A na-ejikarị ọgwụgwọ phosphate eme ihe ugbu a. A na-emepụta ihe nkiri phosphating nke nwere ọdịdị dị nro ma dị mfe iyi n'elu mgbanaka piston. N'ihi na ọgwụgwọ phosphating chọrọ ngwa dị mfe, ọrụ dị mma, ọnụ ala dị ala, na arụmọrụ dị elu, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na piston mgbanaka nke obere engines. Na mgbakwunye, tin plating na oxidation ọgwụgwọ nwekwara ike imeziwanye ịgba ọsọ mbụ.
Na ọgwụgwọ elu nke mgbanaka piston, chromium plating na molybdenum spraying bụ ụzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, dabere na ụdị engine, nhazi, ojiji na ọnọdụ ọrụ, a na-ejikwa usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ dị n'elu, dị ka ọgwụgwọ nitriding dị nro, ọgwụgwọ vulcanization, na ferroferric oxide njuputa.