Kedu ihe ị maara banyere njiri ahụ?

Njirimara ngagharị
Mgbe ihe nkedo ahụ na-arụ ọrụ, a na-achọ ihe nkiri mmanụ dị mkpa n'etiti ohia na-agbagharị agbagharị iji mee ka mmanu mmanu. Ọ bụrụ na lubrication adịghị mma, a na-enwe esemokwu kpọmkwem n'etiti ogwe aka na ogwe aka, na esemokwu ahụ ga-emepụta okpomọkụ dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-emepụta ihe pụrụ iche, ma okpomọkụ dị elu nke sitere na esemokwu kpọmkwem ka dị. ezuru ọkụ ya. Shei na-ebu nwekwara ike na-ere ọkụ n'ihi oke ibu, oke okpomọkụ, adịghị ọcha na mmanụ mmanụ ma ọ bụ viscosity na-adịghị mma na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ebibiri ihe nkedo na-amị amị mgbe agbachara tile ahụ ọkụ.

Na-ebu ohia machining
Enwere ike ịwụsa oke ohia nke nwere mgbidi, na a ga-awụsa oyi akwa nke bearing alloy (nke a na-akpọ bearing liner) n'elu ime ime ohia iji meziwanye arụmọrụ esemokwu. Iji mee ka alloy na-ebu na-ebu na-ejikọta ya nke ọma, a na-emekarị ụdị dị iche iche nke mortise, uzo ma ọ bụ eri n'elu ime ime nke shea ahụ. Enwere ike ịmepụta mgbidi dị nro site na mpịakọta nke efere bimetal na-aga n'ihu.
Ọla ntụ ntụ bụ ịgwakọta ihe ndị bụ isi dị ka ígwè ma ọ bụ ọla kọpa n'ụdị ntụ ntụ na graphite, na mgbe ahụ ịpị na sintering akpụ. Oghere ya nwere ike ịchekwa mmanụ na-ete mmanụ, nke a na-akpọ ibu mmanụ.
Ihe na-ebu ohia na-adịkarị nro, a ghaghị ịhazi cylinder nke dị n'ime site na usoro egweri, enwere ike ịhazi ya site na-agwụ ike, diamond na-agwụ ike, scraping ma ọ bụ usoro ịkụcha. E kwesịghị iji usoro egweri mee ka ọ kwekọọ na dayameta ogwe osisi, ma kwesịrị iji mkpanaka na-akpụ akpụ pụrụ iche nwere otu nha dị ka oghere na-ebu. A na-ejikarị scraping eme ihe maka nbibi nke tile, nwere ihe nchacha agụba sara mbara. Mgbe a na-eji aka na-akpụcha ya, ntu ahụ kwesịrị ịdị omimi. Ohia nke nwere ọdịdị elu dị mgbagwoju anya kwesịrị ịnwe usoro na-agwụ ike pụrụ iche dabere n'ụdị a kapịrị ọnụ.

Ihe eji eji ihe eji eme ihe bụ obere ọnụọgụ esemokwu, ike ike ọgwụgwụ zuru oke, arụmọrụ ịgba ọsọ dị mma yana nguzogide corrosion dị mma. Ihe eji ebu ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ alloy (Babbitt), alloy ọla kọpa, ọla ntụ ntụ na ihe nkedo isi awọ na ígwè nkedo na-agaghị eyi.
Ihe ndị na-ebu bushing anaghị lubricated bụ tumadi polymer, carbon graphite na ceramik pụrụ iche atọ edemede.
polymer
A na-akpọkwa polymer dị ka ihe onwunwe polymer, plastik injinịa. Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ resin phenolic, naịlọn, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) na ndị ọzọ. Ngwongwo na-abụghị mmanụ mmanye nke plastik (dị ka PTFE) nwere ike iguzogide acids siri ike na alkalis na-adịghị ike, ma nwee ezigbo ntinye, mgbochi esemokwu na iyi nguzogide. A na-akụnye mpempe akwụkwọ polytetrafluoroethylene n'ime mgbanaka egbugbere ọnụ, nke na-ebu ohia, mgbanaka piston na gasket, wdg, nke a na-etinye na ebufe belt, typewriter, igwe ịkwa akwa, ihe ọkpụkpọ ihe ndekọ, mgbapụta mmiri, igwe akwa na igwe ọrụ ugbo.
Polymer nwere njirimara nke ịdị arọ dị arọ, mkpuchi mkpuchi, mgbochi esemokwu, nkwụsị na-eyi, mmanye onwe ya, nkwụsị nke corrosion, usoro ịkpụzi dị mfe na nrụpụta mmepụta dị elu. E jiri ya tụnyere ihe ígwè, ihe ndị tribological ha na-enwe mmetụta maka ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na iru mmiri, na njirimara ndị metụtara viscoelasticity dị ịrịba ama, ya mere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ohia na-ebu na akwụkwọ akụkọ ka ukwuu. Na n'ihi ike n'ibu ya dị ala, obere mgbanwe modul, adịghị mma absorption nke mmanu mmanu, na-amachi ọsọ na-arụ ọrụ na nrụgide uru nke ibu.
carbon-graphite
Enwere ike iji ihe na-ebu carbon-graphite na gburugburu ebe ọjọọ. Ọdịnaya graphite ka ukwuu, ka ihe ahụ na-adị nro, ka ọnụọgụ esemokwu dị ntakịrị.
Carbon graphite n'ozuzu nwere ezigbo eletriki conductivity, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, eyi nguzogide, mmanu mmanu onwe, elu okpomọkụ kwụsie ike, siri ike corrosion iguzogide, elu thermal conductivity karịa polymer, na obere linear mgbasa ọnụọgụ. Ihe na-akpata esemokwu na ọnụego uwe nwere elu chrome-plated dị obere na ikuku na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụlọ. Ngwongwo na-eme onwe ya na ihe mgbochi na-adabere na oke ikuku mmiri na-agbasa, mana ọ ga-efunahụ mmanu na oke iru mmiri. Enwere ike imezi nkwụsi ike nke carbon graphite site n'itinye mkpuchi na-eguzogide abrasion. A pụkwara iji carbon-graphite mee ihe dị ka ihe na-ebu mmanụ mmanụ.
Enwere ike iji graphite mee ihe dị ka mmanu siri ike, enwere ike itinye ya na resin, metal, ceramics na ihe ndị ọzọ, na-abawanye mgbochi nke ihe ndị a, mana enwere ike iji ya ozugbo dị ka ihe ejikọtara ọnụ, dị ka ịme akwụkwọ. Nhazi osisi, textile, nri na ebe ndị ọzọ na-eguzogide mmanụ nke bearings, elu okpomọkụ dị larịị, mgbanaka akara, mgbanaka piston, scrapers na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ihe nnọchianya nke "klas" nke ihe carbon-graphite maka injinia bụ M, ma enwere usoro anọ: ihe carbon-graphite, ihe electrochemical graphite, resin carbon composite material na metal graphite ihe.
seramiiki
Ceramics bụ inorganic na-abụghị ọla eke mineral ma ọ bụ wuru ogige dị ka akụrụngwa, site egweri, akpụ na elu okpomọkụ sintering, esịnede ọtụtụ inorganic na-abụghị ọla obere kristal na iko oge nke na-abụghị ọla ihe. Omenala ceramics na-mere nke inorganic na-abụghị ọla eke mineral, dị ka ụrọ, feldspar, quartz, wdg Pụrụ iche ceramik na-mere na wuru ogige dị ka akụrụngwa. Seramiki ndị a na-eji na injinia bụ n'ozuzu ceramik pụrụ iche nke alumina, magnesium oxide, zirconia, lead oxide, titanium oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride na ogige ndị ọzọ arụrụ arụ.
Ngwongwo nke ceramics na-ekpebi nke ukwuu site na microstructure ha, gụnyere nha ọka na nkesa, ihe mejupụtara na ọdịnaya nke iko iko, na ọdịdị, ọdịnaya na nkesa nke adịghị ọcha. A na-ekpebi microstructure site na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, ihe mejupụtara na usoro nrụpụta. The nkịtị e ji mara nke seramiiki bụ elu ekweghị ekwe na mkpakọ ike, elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, eyi na-eguzogide, ọxịdashọn resistance, corrosion iguzogide, brittleness, mmetụta iguzogide na-abụghị ductility.
Ceramic bụ ụdị ihe eji emepụta ihe ọhụrụ na-enweghị mmanu, karịsịa SiC na Si3N4, ike ha, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na corrosion na-eguzogide dị ezigbo mma, tribological Njirimara dịkwa mma.