Raws li kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev hnav, "lub tog raj kheej liner-piston nplhaib" ib feem ntawm lub cav marine muaj xws li plaub hom kev hnav khaub ncaws hauv qab no:

(1) Kev qaug zog hnav yog qhov tshwm sim uas qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw ua rau muaj qhov deformation loj thiab kev ntxhov siab hauv qhov chaw sib cuag thiab ua rau tawg thiab puas. Kev qaug zog hnav belongs rau kev sib txhuam poob ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab hauv ib txwm muaj;

(2) Abrasive hnav yog qhov tshwm sim uas cov khoom tawv tawv ua rau abrasions thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntog rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm kev sib txheeb. Kev hnav ntau dhau yuav polish lub cav lub tog raj kheej phab ntsa, uas ncaj qha ua rau muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm lubricating roj rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tog raj kheej. Cov roj zaj duab xis ua rau muaj zog hnav thiab tsim kua muag, thiab txhuas thiab silicon hauv cov roj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hnav abrasive;

(3) Adhesion thiab abrasion yog vim qhov nce ntawm sab nraud siab los yog tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub lubricating nruab nrab, "adhesion" ntawm kev sib txhuam ob peb qhov chaw tshwm sim. Adhesion thiab abrasion yog ib hom kev hnav hnyav heev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub tev ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb txheej ntawm lub tog raj kheej liner, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav;

(4) corrosion thiab hnav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj poob los yog electrochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom nto thiab ib puag ncig nruab nrab thaum lub sij hawm tus txheeb ze txav ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txhuam khub, thiab cov khoom poob los ntawm kev ua txhua yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm corrosion hnyav thiab hnav, cov khoom ntawm lub tog raj kheej phab ntsa saum npoo yuav tev tawm, thiab txawm tias thaum muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw tshwm sim, cov txheej txheej saum npoo yuav plam cov khoom qub thiab raug puas tsuaj loj.