No nā kaʻa, nā mokulele a me nā moku, hiki i nā trace graphene barriers ke hāʻawi i nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka pale ʻana mai ka ʻino o ka oxygen, akā pehea ka loiloi ʻana i kona pono he mea paʻakikī. Wahi a nā hōʻike hoʻolaha o nā ʻāina ʻē, ua manaʻo nā ʻepekema ma Los Alamos National Laboratory ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi hopena kūpono.

Ua ʻōlelo ka mea noiʻi nui ʻo Hisato Yamaguchi: "Ke hana nei mākou a hoʻohana i ka ea corrosive loa, a nānā i kona hopena wikiwiki i ka mea pale graphene. Ma ka hāʻawi wale ʻana i nā moleke oxygen i kahi ikehu kinetic liʻiliʻi, hiki iā mākou ke unuhi koke i ka ʻike corrosion no nā makahiki. ʻāpana o ka ea, me ka oxygen me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ikehu kino, a hōʻike i ka metala i pale ʻia e ka graphene i kēia ea."

ʻO ka ikehu kinetic o ka hapa nui o nā molekele oxygen e lawe i nā makahiki he mau makahiki e hana ai i ka ʻino i loko o ka metala. Eia naʻe, hiki i kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ka oxygen maoli me ka ikehu kinetic kiʻekiʻe i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ikehu kino ke lilo i kumu nui o ka ʻōpala. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Yamaguchi: "Ma o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike a me nā hopena simulation, ua ʻike ʻia he ʻokoʻa loa ke kaʻina hana oxygen permeation o graphene no nā molekala me ka ʻole o ka ikehu kinetic liʻiliʻi. No laila, hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā kūlana artificial a hoʻāʻo e hoʻolalelale i ka hōʻike corrosion.

Ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō, ʻo ka pohō ma muli o ka ʻino ʻana o nā huahana metala ma kahi o 3% o ka nui o ka huahana kūloko (GDP), a hiki ke piʻi i nā trillions o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kēia manawa hiki i nā molekele oxygen ke komo manuahi akā ʻaʻole luku i loko o ka graphene ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka ikehu kinetic hou, i hiki ke nānā ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano lapaʻau graphene i ka pale ʻana i ka pala.

Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe noiʻi inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia nā molekala o ka oxygen e ka ikehu kinetic, hiki i ka graphene ke hana ma ke ʻano he pale maikaʻi i ka oxygen.