He aha kāu ʻike e pili ana i ka bearing?

Nā hiʻohiʻona neʻe
I ka hana ʻana o ka pahu paʻa, pono ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻaila lahilahi ma waena o ka lāʻau bearing a me ke kumu wili e lubricate ai. Inā maikaʻi ʻole ka lubrication, aia ka friction pololei ma waena o ka bearing a me ke kumu, a ʻo ka friction e hoʻopuka i kahi wela kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻoiai ua hana ʻia ka bearing i nā mea hoʻonaninani kūikawā kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia e ka friction pololei. lawa e puhi ai. Hiki ke puhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma muli o ke kaumaha nui, ka wela kiʻekiʻe, nā haumia i ka ʻaila lubricating a i ʻole ka viscosity maʻamau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua poino ka bearing sliding ma hope o ke ahi ana o ka tile.

Mīkini lāʻau lāʻau
Hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia ke kumu lāʻau paʻa paʻa paʻa, a hiki ke ninini ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka huila bearing (i kapa ʻia ʻo bearing liner) ma ka ʻili o loko o ka lāʻau bearing e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana friction. I mea e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ai ka huila bearing a me ka pūpū bearing, hana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka mortise, groove a i ʻole ke kaula ma ka ʻili o loko o ka ʻili. Hiki ke hana nui ʻia ke kuʻi ʻana o ka paia ma o ka ʻōwili mau ʻana o nā papa bimetal.
ʻO ka pauka metallurgy ka hui ʻana o nā mea maʻamau e like me ka hao a i ʻole ke keleawe i loko o ke ʻano pauka me ka graphite, a laila kaomi a me ka hana sintering. Hiki i kona pores ke mālama i ka ʻaila lubricating, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻaila hinu.
He palupalu maʻamau ka mea kanu lāʻau, ʻaʻole pono e hana ʻia ka cylinder i loko ma ke ʻano wili, hiki ke hana ʻia e ka hōʻoluʻolu, ka hoʻoheheʻe daimana, ka ʻōpala a i ʻole ke ʻano wili. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano wili e hoʻohālikelike ai i ke anawaena o ka lāʻau, akā pono e hoʻohana i kahi koʻokoʻo lapping kūikawā me ka nui like me ka lua bearing. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōpala no nā bearings ʻāpana ʻāpana, me kahi ʻōpala ākea ākea. I ka ʻoki ʻana me ka lima, pono e pāpaʻu ka ʻōpala. Pono e hoʻohana i ke ʻano hoʻoluhi kūikawā e like me ke ʻano kikoʻī.

Hōʻike ʻia ka mea lawe e ka liʻiliʻi friction coefficient, lawa ka ikaika luhi, maikaʻi ka holo ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻO nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau e lawe ana i ka alloy (Babbitt), ke keleawe keleawe, ka pauka metallurgy a me ka hao hina hina a me ka hao hoʻolele pale.
Non-lubricated bearing bushing mea nui polymer, kalapona graphite a kūikawā ceramics ekolu waeʻano.
polimer
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Polymer ma ke ʻano he mea polymer organik, plastics engineering. ʻO nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau he phenolic resin, nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) a pēlā aku. ʻO nā bearings non-lubricated i hana ʻia i nā plastics (e like me PTFE) hiki ke pale aku i nā waikawa ikaika a me nā alkali palupalu, a loaʻa ka hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana, anti-friction a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pepa polytetrafluoroethylene i loko o ke apo lehelehe lehelehe, ka lāʻau e pili ana, ke apo piston a me ka gasket, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hoʻopili ʻia i ka conveyor kāʻei, typewriter, mīkini humuhumu, ka mea hoʻokani pila, ka paila wai, nā mīkini lole a me nā mīkini mahiʻai.
Loaʻa i ka polymer nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kaumaha māmā, insulation, anti-friction, wear resistance, self-lubrication, corrosion resistance, kaʻina hana maʻalahi a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea metala, ʻano koʻikoʻi ko lākou ʻano tribological i ka wela a me ka haʻahaʻa, a he mea nui nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i ka viscoelasticity, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka nahele bearing a me ka puke pai. A no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa mechanical ikaika, liʻiliʻi elastic modulus, pōʻino absorption o lubricating aila, a kaupalena i ka hana wikiwiki a me ke kaomi waiwai o ka bearing.
carbon-graphite
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kalapona-graphite i nā wahi ʻino. ʻO ka ʻoi aku o ka graphite maʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana friction.
ʻO ka carbon graphite maʻamau ka maikaʻi o ka uila, ka wela wela, ka pale ʻana, ka lubrication ponoʻī, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa kino kino ikaika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka thermal conductivity ma mua o ka polymer, a me ka helu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. He haʻahaʻa loa ke kumu friction a me ke kāʻei ʻana me ka ʻili chrome-plated ma nā kūlana wela o ka lewa a me ka lumi. ʻO kāna mau mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī a me nā waiwai antifriction e pili ana i ka nui o ka wai i hoʻopili ʻia, akā e nalowale ka lubricity i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka carbon graphite ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uhi pale abrasion. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka carbon-graphite ma ke ʻano he mea lawe wai-lubricated.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia ka graphite ma ke ʻano he lubricant paʻa, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka resin, metala, seramika a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻonui i ka anti-friction o kēia mau mea, akā hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia e like me nā mea pālua friction, e like me ka hana pepa, ka hana lāʻau, textile, meaʻai a me nā wahi ʻaila ʻē aʻe o nā bearings, nā bearings plain kiʻekiʻe, nā apo sealing, nā apo piston, nā ʻōpala a pēlā aku. ʻO ka "papa" hōʻailona hōʻailona o nā mea kalapona-graphite no ka ʻenekinia ʻenekinia ʻo M, a he ʻehā mau moʻo: carbon-graphite material, electrochemical graphite material, resin carbon composite material a me metal graphite material.
seramika
ʻO nā ceramics nā minerala maoli non-metallic a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohuihui e like me nā mea maka, ma ka wili ʻana, ka hana ʻana a me ka sintering wela kiʻekiʻe, i haku ʻia me nā kristal liʻiliʻi non-metallic he nui a me ka māhele aniani o nā mea non-metallic. Hanaʻia nā'enela kuʻuna i nā minela kūlohelohe non-metallic, e like me ka pālolo, feldspar, quartz, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. ʻO nā seramika i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻenekinia ʻenehana maʻamau he mau seramika kūikawā i hana ʻia me ka alumina, magnesium oxide, zirconia, lead oxide, titanium oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻoholo nui ʻia nā waiwai o nā seramika e kā lākou microstructure, me ka nui o ka palaoa a me ka hāʻawi ʻana, ka haku ʻana a me ka ʻike o ka māhele aniani, a me ke ʻano, ka ʻike a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā haumia. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka microstructure e nā mea maka, ka haku mele a me ke kaʻina hana. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā seramika ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika compressive, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻana, ka pale ʻana o ka oxidation, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, brittleness, ka hopena a me ka non-ductility.
ʻO Ceramic kahi ʻano mea halihali hou me ka ʻole o ka lubrication, ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻo SiC a me Si3N4, maikaʻi loa ko lākou ikaika, kūpaʻa wela a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion, maikaʻi loa nā waiwai tribological.