ʻO ke kumu nui o ka profiling ʻo ia ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke ʻano o ka contour o waho o ke apo piston e kūlike me ka pihi kaomi i hoʻolālā ʻia.

1. ʻO ka ʻili hope wili ʻawaʻawa: ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe hakahaka = ke kiʻekiʻe apo mua o ka ʻoki disiki + ʻae ʻāwili wili (0.7-0.8 pālua pālua)
ʻOkiʻoki diski: ke kiʻekiʻe o ke apo mua o ka ʻoki diski = ka laulā o ka ʻokiʻoki + 2× (ke kiʻekiʻe o ke apo ma hope o ka wili waena + ka ʻae ʻana i waena);   ʻO ka laulā o ka pahi ʻoki ma ke ʻano he 1.8 ~ 2.2, a ʻo ka ʻae ʻana i ka waena waena he 0.18 (ʻaoʻao ʻelua)
2. ʻO ke alo hope o ka wili waena: ke kiʻekiʻe semi-hoʻopau + haʻawina semi-hoʻopau; ʻO ka haʻawina semi-finishing maʻamau he 0.16 ~ 0.20 (ʻaoʻao ʻelua)
Semi-finish grinding hope maka: fine grinding height + fine grinding allowance; ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wili ʻai maikaʻi i ke apo hao he 0.03 ~ 0.035 (ʻaoʻao ʻelua); ʻO ke apo hao ductile ma ke ʻano he 0.05 (ʻaoʻao ʻelua)
3. Hoʻopau i ka wili ʻana i ka maka hope: e hoʻoholo inā e ʻaʻahu a wili hou e like me ka ʻenehana hana
4. Kaʻa kope: ka nui anawaena lōʻihi
5. ʻOki wili: ka lōʻihi o ka ʻoki
6. ʻO ka pōʻai i loko ʻehaʻeha: ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka mānoanoa radial; pōʻai pōʻai i loko o ka mānoanoa radial mānoanoa + ʻae ʻae pōʻai i loko maikaʻi ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mīkini o ka pōʻai i loko o ka pōʻai maikaʻi a me ka pōʻai hoʻohuli maikaʻi i waho he 0.2mm
7. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻino ʻana o ka wehe ʻana: ʻo 0.15-0.35 ka puka pani ʻia, a ʻo ke anawaena o loko o ke apo apo he φd1 (ka nui kumu o ke apo piston) + 0.65
8. Hoʻopau i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka pōʻai i waho: ka mānoanoa radial o ka substrate i hoʻopau ʻia + ka ʻae ʻana i ka pōʻai i loko o ka pōʻai maikaʻi + ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka pōʻai i loko o ka pōʻai
0.2mm, ʻo ka hāʻawi honing maʻamau he 0.03 ~ 0.05mm. ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka ʻāpana i pani ʻia: ma ke kumu o ka nui o ka ʻokiʻoki, kau i ka 0.05 ma nā ʻaoʻao o luna a me lalo.
9. ʻO ka pōʻai i loko ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi: ʻo ka mānoanoa radial o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia-ka mānoanoa o ka papa chromium + ka haʻawina honing ma mua o ke kau ʻana; ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka papa chromium e hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole hiki ke kuhikuhi wale i ke kaha kiʻi huahana. ʻO ka ʻae honing ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he 0.05
10. Chamfering o waho angle: maʻamau 0.2X45 °, ke kumu e pale aku i ka chrome plating mai ka haule ana mai chrome.
11. Hoʻopau i ka waha ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana: E hōʻoia e like me ka pani ʻia ma hope o ka wili waena, ʻo ka palena ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka wehe ʻana he 0.10
12. Nānā ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana
13. Honing ma mua o ka uhi ʻana: ʻo ka haʻawina o kekahi ʻaoʻao he 0.05
14. E nānā i ke ʻano ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana
15. Hoʻopili Chrome: hoʻopau ʻia ka mānoanoa chrome plating + hāʻawi honing ma hope o ke kau ʻana
16. Demagnetization
17. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka wili waena: Ua hoʻoholo ʻia e like me ka nui o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia, a ʻo ka mea e pono ai e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palena no ka wehe ʻana i ka wili maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻole nui loa. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka palena unilateral he 0.05 ~ 0.10m
18. Honi ma hope o ka uhi ʻana: Unilateral margin 0.05
19. E nānā i ke ʻano ma hope o ke kau ʻana
20. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka wili maikaʻi: e hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke apo e like me nā koi kiʻi huahana
21. Hoʻopili hou: E hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke apo e like me nā koi o nā kiʻi huahana
22. Ka ʻili o ke kaʻa: 1.5 mai ka pōʻai o waho, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pōʻai kumu 1.061±0.01, ka huina wili 7°15′±15′
23. Grinding positioning groove: e like me nā koi kiʻi huahana
24. ʻAila honi i waho pōʻai: ʻAila honi no 10 kekona e hōʻoia i ka pani pani a me ka palena unilateral
25. Phosphating
26. Hoailona laser