ʻO ka ʻeha a me ka luhi o nā mea metala

2022-08-09

ʻO ka haʻihaʻi luhi kekahi o nā ʻano nui o ka haki ʻana o nā mea metala. Mai ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka hana luhi maʻamau a Wöhler, ua aʻo piha ʻia nā waiwai luhi o nā mea like ʻole ke hoʻāʻo ʻia ma lalo o nā ukana like ʻole a me nā kūlana kaiapuni. ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻia nā pilikia luhi e ka hapa nui o nā ʻenekinia a me nā mea hoʻolālā, a ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka nui o nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua, aia nō ka nui o nā mea hana a me nā mīkini e loaʻa ana i nā haʻihaʻi luhi.
Nui nā ʻano o ka haʻihaʻi luhi o nā ʻāpana mechanical:
*E like me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā haʻahaʻa alternating, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i: tension and compression fatigue, bending fatigue, torsional fatigue, contact fatigue, vibration fatigue, etc.;
*Ma muli o ka nui o nā pōʻai holoʻokoʻa o ka haʻihaʻi luhi (Nf), hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i: ka luhi pōʻai kiʻekiʻe (Nf>10⁵) a me ka luhi pōʻai haʻahaʻa (Nf<10⁴);
* E like me ka mahana a me nā kūlana waena o nā ʻāpana i ka lawelawe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i: ka luhi mechanical (maʻamau maʻamau, luhi i ka lewa), ka wela wela wela, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, anu a me ka wela a me ka corrosion fatigue.
Akā ʻelua wale nō mau ʻano kumu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka luhi shear ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi shear a me ka luhi haʻi maʻamau ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻano haʻihaʻi luhi ʻē aʻe ka hui ʻana o kēia mau ʻano kumu ʻelua ma lalo o nā kūlana like ʻole.
ʻO nā haʻihaʻi o nā ʻāpana kumu he nui ka nui o nā haʻi haʻihaʻi hoʻoluhi. I ka wā o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka luhi, ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana kumu luhi ma ka ʻili, akā ʻaʻohe wahi paʻa, a ʻo ka helu o nā kumu luhi hiki ke hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO nā kūlana pili o ka ʻāpana kumu luhi a me ka ʻāpana haʻi hope loa e hoʻohuli mau ʻia e kahi kihi e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kumu. Mai kēia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kumu mai ke kūlana pili o ka ʻāina kumu luhi a me ka ʻāpana haʻi hope.
I ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻili o ka lāʻau, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana kumu luhi he nui. I kēia manawa e neʻe ka ʻāpana haʻi hope i loko o ke kumu.