Me kuka sani game da ɗaukar nauyi?

Halayen motsi
Lokacin da ma'auni na fili yana aiki, ana buƙatar fim ɗin mai na bakin ciki tsakanin daji mai jujjuya da jujjuya don shafa shi. Idan lubrication ba shi da kyau, ana samun juzu'i kai tsaye tsakanin ɗaukar hoto da shaft ɗin, kuma juzu'in zai haifar da yanayin zafi sosai, duk da cewa an yi shi da kayan gami na musamman masu zafin jiki, amma yanayin zafin da ke haifar da gogayya kai tsaye yana nan har yanzu. isa ya kona shi. Har ila yau, harsashi mai ɗaukar nauyi na iya ƙonewa saboda nauyin da ya wuce kima, yawan zafin jiki, ƙazanta a cikin mai mai ko rashin ɗanko da sauran dalilai. Wurin zamewar ya lalace bayan an kona tayal ɗin.

Ƙarƙashin aikin injin daji
Za a iya jefa daji mai kauri mai kauri, kuma za a iya zubar da wani nau'i na alloy (wanda ake kira bearing liner) a saman ciki na daji don inganta aikin juzu'i. Don yin haɗin gwal da harsashi mai ɗaukar nauyi da kyau, ana yin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na turɓaya, tsagi ko zare a saman ciki na harsashi. Za a iya samar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan bango ta hanyar ci gaba da jujjuya faranti na bimetal.
Foda karafa shi ne hadawa na asali kayan kamar baƙin ƙarfe ko jan karfe a foda form tare da graphite, sa'an nan latsa da sintering forming. Ƙofofinsa na iya adana man mai mai mai, wanda ake kira mai ɗauke da mai.
Abun daji mai ɗaukar nauyi yawanci mai laushi ne, silinda na ciki bai kamata a sarrafa shi ta hanyar niƙa ba, ana iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar m, lu'u lu'u lu'u-lu'u, scraping ko hanyar niƙa. Bai kamata a yi amfani da hanyar niƙa don dacewa da diamita na ramin ba, amma yakamata a yi amfani da sandar lafa ta musamman mai girman girman ramin ɗaki. Ana amfani da ƙulle-ƙulle mafi yawa don ɓangaren tayal bearings, tare da ƙwanƙwasa mai faɗi. Lokacin gogewa da hannu, karce ya kamata ya zama marar zurfi. Dajin da ke ɗauke da hadadden siffa ta ciki yakamata ya ɗauki hanya ta musamman mai ban sha'awa bisa ga takamaiman siffa.

Kayan da ke ɗauke da shi yana da ɗan ƙaramin juzu'i, isasshen ƙarfin gajiya, kyakkyawan aikin gudu da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune masu ɗaukar gami (Babbitt), gami da jan karfe, ƙarfe na ƙarfe da baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka da simintin ƙarfe mai jure lalacewa.
Abubuwan bushing ɗin da ba a shafa su ba sun fi polymer, carbon graphite da tukwane na musamman nau'i uku.
polymer
Polymer kuma ana kiransa da kayan aikin polymer, robobin injiniya. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune guduro phenolic, nailan, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) da sauransu. Abubuwan da ba a shafa ba da aka yi da robobi (kamar PTFE) na iya tsayayya da acid mai ƙarfi da alkalis mai rauni, kuma suna da haɗawa mai kyau, hana juriya da juriya. An buga takardar polytetrafluoroethylene a cikin zoben hatimin leɓe, daji mai ɗaukar nauyi, zoben piston da gasket, da sauransu, waɗanda ake amfani da su a kan bel na ɗaukar bel, na'urar buga rubutu, injin ɗinki, mai kunna rikodi, famfo ruwa, injin ɗin yadi da injinan noma.
A polymer yana da halaye na haske nauyi, rufi, anti-gogayya, sa juriya, kai lubrication, lalata juriya, sauki gyare-gyaren tsari da kuma high samar da inganci. Idan aka kwatanta da kayan ƙarfe, kayan aikin su na tribological suna kula da yanayin zafi da zafi, kuma halayen da suka danganci viscoelasticity suna da mahimmanci, don haka rata tsakanin daji mai ɗaukar hoto da jarida ya fi girma. Kuma saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin injinsa, ƙaramin ma'auni na roba, ƙarancin ɗaukar mai, da iyakance saurin aiki da ƙimar matsi.
carbon-graphite
Ana iya amfani da ɗaukar carbon-graphite a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Ƙarin abun ciki na graphite, mafi ƙarancin abu, ƙarami mai ƙima.
Carbon graphite gabaɗaya yana da kyawawan halayen lantarki, juriya mai zafi, juriya sawa, lubrication na kai, kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, haɓakar zafin jiki fiye da polymer, da ƙaramar haɓakar haɓakar layin layi. Matsakaicin juzu'i da ƙimar lalacewa tare da saman chrome-plated suna da ƙasa sosai a yanayin yanayi da yanayin zafin ɗaki. Kayayyakin sa mai daskarewa da kai sun dogara ne akan adadin tururin ruwa da aka tallata, amma zai rasa mai a ƙarancin zafi. Za'a iya inganta juriyar lalacewa ta carbon graphite ta amfani da shafi mai jurewa abrasion. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Carbon-graphite azaman abu mai ɗaukar ruwa.
Graphite ba za a iya amfani da ba kawai a matsayin m man shafawa, za a iya kara zuwa guduro, karfe, tukwane da sauran kayan, ƙara anti-gogayya daga cikin wadannan kayan, amma kuma za a iya amfani da kai tsaye a matsayin gogayya biyu abu, kamar yin takarda. sarrafa itace, yadi, abinci da sauran wurare masu jurewa mai na bearings, matsanancin zafi mai zafi, zoben rufewa, zoben piston, scrapers da sauransu. Alamar wakilcin "aji" na kayan aikin carbon-graphite don injiniyan injiniya shine M, kuma akwai jerin abubuwa huɗu: kayan aikin carbon-graphite, kayan graphite na lantarki, guduro kayan haɗin carbon da kayan graphite na ƙarfe.
yumbu
Ceramics ne inorganic wadanda ba karfe na halitta ma'adanai ko wucin gadi mahadi a matsayin albarkatun kasa, ta hanyar nika, forming da high zafin jiki sintering, hada da yawa inorganic wadanda ba karfe kananan lu'ulu'u da gilashin lokaci na wadanda ba karfe kayan. An yi tukwane na al'ada da ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe na inorganic, kamar yumbu, feldspar, ma'adini, da sauransu. Tumburan da ake amfani da su a aikin injiniya gabaɗaya tukwane na musamman da aka yi da alumina, magnesium oxide, zirconia, gubar oxide, titanium oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride da sauran mahaɗan wucin gadi.
Kaddarorin kayan yumbu sun fi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin su, gami da girman hatsi da rarrabawa, abun ciki da abun ciki na lokacin gilashi, da yanayi, abun ciki da rarraba ƙazanta. An ƙayyade ƙananan ƙirar ta hanyar albarkatun ƙasa, abun da ke ciki da tsarin masana'antu. The na kowa halaye na tukwane ne high taurin da matsawa ƙarfi, high zafin jiki juriya, sa juriya, hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya, lalata juriya, brittleness, tasiri juriya da kuma wadanda ba ductility.
Ceramic sabon nau'in nau'in kayan aiki ne ba tare da lubrication ba, musamman SiC da Si3N4, ƙarfin su, juriya na zafi da juriya na lalata suna da kyau sosai, abubuwan tribological kuma suna da kyau sosai.