Piston yana aiki a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki, babban matsa lamba, babban sauri da ƙarancin lubrication. Piston yana hulɗa kai tsaye tare da iskar gas mai zafi, kuma zafin jiki na nan take zai iya kaiwa fiye da 2500K, saboda haka, zafi yana da tsanani, kuma yanayin zafi yana da kyau sosai, don haka yawan zafin jiki na piston yana da yawa lokacin aiki, saman yana da girma kamar 600 ~ 700K, kuma yawan zafin jiki yana da rashin daidaituwa; saman piston yana ɗaukar nauyin gas mai yawa, musamman ma matsakaicin matsa lamba na aikin bugun jini, injin gas har zuwa 3 ~ 5MPa, injin dizal har zuwa 6 ~ 9MPa, wanda ke haifar da tasirin piston, kuma yana jure yanayin matsin lamba; Piston a cikin Silinda a cikin babban gudun (8 ~ 12m / s) motsi mai juyawa, kuma saurin yana canzawa akai-akai, wanda ke haifar da babban ƙarfin inertial, wanda ya sa piston ya zama babban ƙarin kaya. Yin aiki a ƙarƙashin irin wannan mawuyacin yanayi, piston zai lalace kuma yana haɓaka lalacewa, kuma zai haifar da ƙarin lodi da damuwa na zafi, yayin da iskar gas ke lalata ta da sinadarai.
Binciken fistan galibi shine auna diamita na siket, tsayin zobe na piston da girman ramin kujerar piston:
① Zaɓin zaɓi na piston ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga girman gyaran silinda. Yawancin lokaci girman girman yana alama a saman fistan;
② A cikin nau'in kifin iri ɗaya, tsarin fistan ba lallai ba ne, don haka lokacin zabar piston, dole ne a zaɓi nau'in piston daidai gwargwadon nau'in injin. A kan injin guda, ya kamata a zaɓi fistan iri ɗaya, rukuni ɗaya ko lambar samfurin iri ɗaya; Dole ne a yi amfani da fistan samfurin iri ɗaya tare da lambar samfur iri ɗaya don tabbatar da cewa bambancin diamita da ingancin piston ɗin bai wuce iyakar da masana'anta ta asali ta kayyade ba. In ba haka ba, zai haifar da mummunan konewar injin, aiki mai wahala, raguwar tattalin arziki da wutar lantarki da sauran gazawa. Don haka, lokacin zabar fistan, dole ne a zaɓi nau'in fistan daidai gwargwadon nau'in injin.